A retrospective analysis of trends in primary knee arthroplasty in Germany from 2008 to 2018

Abstract

Unicompartimental and total knee arthroplasty is one of the most successful and most performed operations worldwide. In the last years the number of primary knee arthroplasty increased constantly. The aim of this study is to analyze the rising numbers of primary knee arthroplasty and to see how it is used in Germany. In this retrospective study data, provided by the Federal Statistical Office of Germany from 2008 to 2018 was analyzed, using operation codes from the German procedure classification system and characteristics like age, sex and type of the prosthesis. We found a slight increase of unicompartimental and total knee arthroplasty over the investigated 10 years from 150.504 in 2008 up to 168.479 procedures in 2018, with a maximum of 169.334 in 2017. Most patients were female and over 65 years old. Interestingly, there was an obvious decrease of regular TKA in the year 2013, with a relevant impact on the total number of procedures. In the following years the number rised again reaching the former level in 2015 and is still increasing. The highest increase was found in partial knee arthroplasty, with a constant rise every year, starting with 7988 in 2008 up to 21.072 in 2018. In contrast, we found a relevant reduction of constrained prosthesis in primary TKA, whereas the number of semi-constrained prosthesis in primary TKA is again rising after a decrease in 2015. We found that the number of bicondylar TKA and especially UKA increased from 2008 to 2018. Regarding an aging population, we can expect a rising number for Primary knee arthroplasty and in consequence a rising number of revision arthroplasty in the future. This will be a challenging cost factor for the healthcare system in Germany.

Figure 1

(a) All performed primary knee arthroplasty procedures from 2008 to 2018. (b) All performed primary knee arthroplasty procedures from 2008 to 2018, with regard on the gender of patients (grey = female; black = male). (c) All performed primary knee arthroplasty procedures from 2008 to 2018, with regard on the age of patients (grey: < 65 years; black ≥ 65 years).

Figure 2

(a) All performed regular total knee arthroplasty procedures from 2008 to 2018. (b) All performed partial knee arthroplasty procedures from 2008 to 2018. (c) All performed semi-constrained and constrained total knee arthroplasty procedures from 2008 to 2018 (black = semi-constrained; grey = constrained).