Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2021 Feb 17:63:102156.
doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.02.002. eCollection 2021 Mar.

Apoptosis of proximal stump postganglionic brachial plexus injury, before and after six months post-trauma

Gana Adyaksa  1 , Heri Suroto  1
Affiliations

Apoptosis of proximal stump postganglionic brachial plexus injury, before and after six months post-trauma

Gana Adyaksa et al. Ann Med Surg (Lond). .

Abstract

Background: The success of the micro-surgery procedure for the treatment of postganglionic brachial plexus injury was influenced by several factors, including the surgical timing and also the viability of the proximal stump. This study evaluates the evidence of apoptosis in the brachial plexus proximal stump and its correlation with the surgical timing.

Methods: Proximal stump biopsy of postganglionic brachial plexus injury patients were obtained during nerve procedure surgery. The samples were grouped based on the surgical timing, before six months post-trauma (early group) and after six months post-trauma (late group). The apoptosis of motorneurons was evaluated by immunohistochemistry expression of Caspase-3, TNF-α, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9.

Results: Immunohistochemistry findings showed higher expression of Caspase-3 in the late group compared to the early group, as well as the expression of Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 (p < 0,05), and with a positive correlation between Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 to Caspase-3. Meanwhile, TNF-α expression was higher in the early group than the late group (p < 0,05) and with no correlation between TNF-α to Caspase-3.

Conclusion: Apoptosis of proximal stump motorneuron plexus brachialis on more than six months post-trauma is higher than on less than six months post-trauma.

Keywords: Apoptosis; Postganglionic brachial plexus injury; Proximal stump.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest in this study.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Immunohistochemistry staining of Caspase-3, TNF-α, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 expression on brachial plexus proximal stump, in the early group and late group. 400x magnification. (Red arrow = IHC positive cell. Green arrow = IHC negative cell). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The immunohistochemistry expression analysis of Caspase-3, TNF-α, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The comparison of the Caspase-8 and Caspase-9 expression on early and late group.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Faglioni W., Siqueira M.G., Martins R.S., Heise C.O., Foroni L. The epidemiology of adult traumatic brachial plexus lesions in a large metropolis. Acta Neurochir. 2014;156:1025–1028. doi: 10.1007/s00701-013-1948-x. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Noland S.S., Bishop A.T., Spinner R.J., Shin A.Y. Adult traumatic brachial plexus injuries. J. Am. Acad. Orthop. Surg. 2019;27:705–716. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-18-00433. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kaiser R., Waldauf P., Ullas G., Krajcová A. Epidemiology, etiology, and types of severe adult brachial plexus injuries requiring surgical repair: systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg. Rev. 2020;43:443–452. doi: 10.1007/s10143-018-1009-2. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Suroto H., Putra R.A., Karimah A. Relationship between disability and pain to post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety in patient with postoperative brachial plexus injury (BPI) Br. J. Neurosurg. 2020:1–5. doi: 10.1080/02688697.2020.1784846. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Plate J.F., Ely L.K., Pulley B.R., Smith B.P., Li Z. Combined proximal nerve graft and distal nerve transfer for a posterior cord brachial plexus injury. J. Neurosurg. 2013;118:155–159. doi: 10.3171/2012.10.JNS12425. - DOI - PubMed