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. 2021 Apr;27(2):239-248.
doi: 10.1007/s13365-021-00943-7. Epub 2021 Mar 5.

A comprehensive data-driven analysis framework for detecting impairments in brain function networks with resting state fMRI in HIV-infected individuals on cART

Sheeba Arnold Anteraper #  1 , Kaundinya Gopinath #  2 , Michael J Hoch  2 , Drenna Waldrop-Valverde  3 , Donald Franklin  4 , Scott L Letendre  4 , Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli  1 , Albert M Anderson  5
Affiliations

A comprehensive data-driven analysis framework for detecting impairments in brain function networks with resting state fMRI in HIV-infected individuals on cART

Sheeba Arnold Anteraper et al. J Neurovirol. 2021 Apr.

Abstract

Central nervous system (CNS) sequelae continue to be common in HIV-infected individuals despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). These sequelae include HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and virologic persistence in the CNS. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) is a widely used tool to examine the integrity of brain function and pathology. In this study, we examined 16 HIV-positive (HIV+) subjects and 12 age, sex, and race matched HIV seronegative controls (HIV-) whole-brain high-resolution rsfMRI along with a battery of neurocognitive tests. A comprehensive data-driven analysis of rsfMRI revealed impaired functional connectivity, with very large effect sizes in executive function, language, and multisensory processing networks in HIV+ subjects. These results indicate the potential of high-resolution rsfMRI in combination with advanced data analysis techniques to yield biomarkers of neural impairment in HIV.

Keywords: HIV; MVPA; brain function networks; cognition; executive function; functional connectivity; high-resolution; language; multi-sensory perception; multi-voxel pattern analysis; resting state fMRI.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
MVPA between-group results (CDT p < 0.05, and FDR-corrected α < 0.05) revealing abnormal connectivity in the three clusters: one each in primary visual cortex, cerebellum crus I/II, and inferior frontal gyrus. See Table 2 for description of the 3 clusters
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Post hoc characterization of MVPA clusters: Results from post hoc seed-to-voxel group FC comparison using MVPA clusters (shown in Fig. 1) as seed ROIs. Brain FC results for HIV + group main effect and HIV-group main effect for the three MVPA clusters are shown in cortical maps in panels a, b, and c respectively. Brain regions indicated by numbers in (A), (B), and (C) correspond to clusters exhibiting significant (CDT p < 0.001; FDR-corrected α < 0.05) differences in FC between HIV+ HIV−, as described in Table 3. The cluster in the cerebellum (cluster #9) is presented on a flat map
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
HIV+ and HIV− group box plots of resting state functional connectivity (RsFC) strengths (peak z-scores) for each of the clusters enumerated in Table 3
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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