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. 2021 Feb 13;14(4):888.
doi: 10.3390/ma14040888.

On the Response of a Micro Non-Destructive Testing X-ray Detector

Dionysios Linardatos  1 , Vaia Koukou  1 , Niki Martini  1 , Anastasios Konstantinidis  2 , Athanasios Bakas  3 , George Fountos  1 , Ioannis Valais  1 , Christos Michail  1
Affiliations

On the Response of a Micro Non-Destructive Testing X-ray Detector

Dionysios Linardatos et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Certain imaging performance metrics are examined for a state-of-the-art 20 μm pixel pitch CMOS sensor (RadEye HR), coupled to a Gd2O2S:Tb scintillator screen. The signal transfer property (STP), the modulation transfer function (MTF), the normalized noise power spectrum (NNPS) and the detective quantum efficiency (DQE) were estimated according to the IEC 62220-1-1:2015 standard. The detector exhibits excellent linearity (coefficient of determination of the STP linear regression fit, R2 was 0.9978), while its DQE peaks at 33% and reaches 10% at a spatial frequency of 3 cycles/mm, for the measured with a Piranha RTI dosimeter (coefficient of variation CV = 0.03%) exposure value of 28.1 μGy DAK (detector Air Kerma). The resolution capabilities of the X-ray detector under investigation were compared to other commercial CMOS sensors, and were found in every case higher, except from the previous RadEye HR model (CMOS-Gd2O2S:Tb screen pair with 22.5 μm pixel pitch) version which had slightly better MTF. The present digital imager is designed for industrial inspection applications, nonetheless its applicability to medical imaging, as well as dual-energy is considered and certain approaches are discussed in this respect.

Keywords: CMOS; DQE; Gd2O2S:Tb; IEC 62220-1-1:2015; ZnSe:Te; imaging; non-destructive testing; scintillators.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
STP curve of the CMOS X-ray detector.
Figure 2
Figure 2
MTF calculation steps at an exposure level of 28.1 μGy, based on the IEC 2015; (a) all ESFs; (b) averaged and Fermi-fitted ESF; (c) LSF; (d) MTF.
Figure 3
Figure 3
MTF calculation steps at an exposure level of 48.3 μGy, based on the IEC 2015; (a) all ESFs; (b) averaged and Fermi-fitted ESF; (c) LSF; (d) MTF.
Figure 4
Figure 4
MTF comparison between measured values according to IEC 2003 and IEC 2015, along with manufacturer data [30].
Figure 5
Figure 5
NNPS values at an exposure level of 28.1 μGy.
Figure 6
Figure 6
NNPS values at an exposure level of 48.3 μGy.
Figure 7
Figure 7
DQE curves for both the examined exposures.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Halogen lamp radiography on the Remote RadEye HR (70 kVp 20 mAs).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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