Work Methods for Nursing Care Delivery

Abstract

This article analyzes the work methods based on care design, identification of needs, care organization, planning, delivery, evaluation, continuity, safety, and complexity of care, and discharge preparation. It describes the diagnosis of the situation, goal setting, strategy selection, implementation, and outcome evaluation that contribute to adopting a given work conception and/or method for nursing care delivery. Later, the concepts underlying the several methods-management theories and theoretical nursing concepts-are presented, with reference to relevant authors. The process of analysis and selection of the method is explained, highlighting the importance of diagnosis of the situation, goal setting, strategy selection, implementation, and outcome evaluation. The importance of various elements is highlighted, such as structural aspects, nature of care, target population, resources, and philosophy of the institution, which may condition the adoption of a method. The importance of care conceptualization is also underlined. The work methods are presented with a description of the key characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of the task-oriented method (functional nursing) and patient-centered methods: individual, team nursing, and primary nursing. A critical and comparative analysis of the methods is then performed, alluding to the combination of person-centered methods.

Keywords: care delivery methods; nursing care management; nursing process; nursing services; organization and administration.

Figure 1

A historical perspective of management and nursing theories.

Figure 2

Phases of the process for planning the care delivery work method.

Figure 3

Structure of the functional nursing method.

Figure 4

Structure of the individual method.

Figure 5

Structure of the team nursing method.

Figure 6

Structure of the Primary Nursing Method.

Figure 7

Key aspects of the methods of organization and delivery of nursing care.