Review on Inflammation Markers in Chronic Kidney Disease

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major health problems of the modern age. It represents an important public health challenge with an ever-lasting rising prevalence, which reached almost 700 million by the year 2017. Therefore, it is very important to identify patients at risk for CKD development and discover risk factors that cause the progression of the disease. Several studies have tackled this conundrum in recent years, novel markers have been identified, and new insights into the pathogenesis of CKD have been gained. This review summarizes the evidence on markers of inflammation and their role in the development and progression of CKD. It will focus primarily on cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules. Nevertheless, further large, multicenter studies are needed to establish the role of these markers and confirm possible treatment options in everyday clinical practice.

Keywords: cell adhesion molecules; chemokines; chronic kidney disease; cytokines; inflammation markers.

Figure 1

Groups of inflammation markers that have a role in chronic kidney disease. CKD—Chronic kidney disease; TNF—Tumor necrosis factor; TGF-β—Transforming growth factor beta; CAMs—Cell adhesion molecules; IgSF—Immunoglobulin superfamily.