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Review
. 2021 Feb 28;13(5):760.
doi: 10.3390/polym13050760.

Synthetic, Natural, and Semisynthetic Polymer Carriers for Controlled Nitric Oxide Release in Dermal Applications: A Review

Carolina Gutierrez Cisneros  1 , Veerle Bloemen  1   2 , Arn Mignon  1
Affiliations
Review

Synthetic, Natural, and Semisynthetic Polymer Carriers for Controlled Nitric Oxide Release in Dermal Applications: A Review

Carolina Gutierrez Cisneros et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Nitric oxide (NO•) is a free radical gas, produced in the human body to regulate physiological processes, such as inflammatory and immune responses. It is required for skin health; therefore, a lack of NO• is known to cause or worsen skin conditions related to three biomedical applications- infection treatment, injury healing, and blood circulation. Therefore, research on its topical release has been increasing for the last two decades. The storage and delivery of nitric oxide in physiological conditions to compensate for its deficiency is achieved through pharmacological compounds called NO-donors. These are further incorporated into scaffolds to enhance therapeutic treatment. A wide range of polymeric scaffolds has been developed and tested for this purpose. Hence, this review aims to give a detailed overview of the natural, synthetic, and semisynthetic polymeric matrices that have been evaluated for antimicrobial, wound healing, and circulatory dermal applications. These matrices have already set a solid foundation in nitric oxide release and their future perspective is headed toward an enhanced controlled release by novel functionalized semisynthetic polymer carriers and co-delivery synergetic platforms. Finally, further clinical tests on patients with the targeted condition will hopefully enable the eventual commercialization of these systems.

Keywords: NO-donor; blood circulation; microbial infections; polymeric matrices; semisynthetic polymers; topical release; wound healing.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Physiological production of nitric oxide starting from different NO-donors. This figure was adapted from [33]. Abbreviations: hemoglobin (Hb).
Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Formation and degradation scheme of N-diazeniumdiolates (NONOates). This scheme was adapted from [33].
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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