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. 2021 Feb 20;11(2):269.
doi: 10.3390/brainsci11020269.

Prepulse Inhibition in Cocaine Addiction and Dual Pathologies

Affiliations

Prepulse Inhibition in Cocaine Addiction and Dual Pathologies

Isis Gil-Miravet et al. Brain Sci. .

Abstract

Cocaine addiction is frequently associated with different psychiatric disorders, especially schizophrenia and antisocial personality disorder. A small number of studies have used prepulse inhibition (PPI) as a discriminating factor between these disorders. This work evaluated PPI and the phenotype of patients with cocaine-related disorder (CRD) who presented a dual diagnosis of schizophrenia or antisocial personality disorder. A total of 74 men aged 18-60 years were recruited for this research. The sample was divided into four groups: CRD (n = 14), CRD and schizophrenia (n = 21), CRD and antisocial personality disorder (n = 16), and a control group (n = 23). We evaluated the PPI and other possible vulnerability factors in these patients by using different assessment scales. PPI was higher in the CRD group at 30 ms (F(3, 64) = 2.972, p = 0.038). Three discriminant functions were obtained which allowed us to use the overall Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised score, reward sensitivity, and PPI at 30 ms to predict inclusion of these patients in the different groups with a success rate of 79.7% (42.9% for CRD, 76.2% for CRD and schizophrenia, 100% for CRD and antisocial personality disorder, and 91.3% in the control group). Despite the differences we observed in PPI, this factor is of little use for discriminating between the different diagnostic groups and it acts more as a non-specific endophenotype in certain mental disorders, such as in patients with a dual diagnosis.

Keywords: antisocial personality disorder; cocaine-related disorder; dual diagnosis; prepulse inhibition; psychopathy; schizophrenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean scores and differences between the groups for the psychopathy scales and sensitivity to punishment and sensitivity to reward questionnaire. CRD: cocaine-related disorder; SCZ: schizophrenia; APD: antisocial personality disorder; 1Psy LSRP: primary psychopathy on the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale; secondary psychopathy on the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale; F1 PCL-R: interpersonal/affective factor on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised; F2 PCL-R: social deviation factor on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised; T PCL-R: total score on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist Revised; StP: sensitivity to punishment; StR: sensitivity to reward.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Prepulse inhibition percentage. CRD: cocaine-related disorder; SCZ: schizophrenia; APD: antisocial personality disorder; PPI: prepulse inhibition; ms: milliseconds. Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation (* p < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scatter diagram for the discriminating functions. CRD: cocaine-related disorder; SCZ: schizophrenia; APD: antisocial personality disorder.

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