Carbon Storage Change Analysis and Emission Reduction Suggestions under Land Use Transition: A Case Study of Henan Province, China

Abstract

The significant spatial heterogeneity among river basin ecosystems makes it difficult for local governments to carry out comprehensive governance for different river basins in a special administrative region spanning multi-river basins. However, there are few studies on the construction of a comprehensive governance mechanism for multi-river basins at the provincial level. To fill this gap, this paper took Henan Province of China, which straddles four river basins, as the study region. The chord diagram, overlay analysis, and carbon emission models were applied to the remote sensing data of land use to analyze the temporal and spatial patterns of carbon storage caused by land-use changes in Henan Province from 1990 to 2018 to reflect the heterogeneity of the contribution of the four basins to human activities and economic development. The results revealed that food security land in the four basins decreased, while production and living land increased. Ecological conservation land was increased over time in the Yangtze River Basin. In addition, the conversion from food security land to production and living land was the common characteristic for the four basins. Carbon emission in Henan increased from 134.46 million tons in 1990 to 553.58 million tons in 2018, while its carbon absorption was relatively stable (1.67-1.69 million tons between 1990 and 2018). The carbon emitted in the Huai River Basin was the main contributor to Henan Province's total carbon emission. The carbon absorption in Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Basin had an obvious spatial agglomeration effect. Finally, considering the current need of land spatial planning in China and the goal of carbon neutrality by 2060 set by the Chinese government, we suggested that carbon sequestration capacity should be further strengthened in Yellow River Basin and Yangtze River Basin based on their respective ecological resource advantages. For future development in Hai River Basin and Huai River Basin, coordinating the spatial allocation of urban scale and urban green space to build an ecological city is a key direction to embark upon.

Keywords: Henan province; LUCC; carbon emissions; ecological compensation; multi-river basins.

Figure 1

Geographical location of Henan Province in China.

Figure 2

Land-use status in 1990 (a), 2000 (b), 2010 (c), 2015 (d), and 2018 (e) in Henan Province.

Figure 3

Chord diagrams of quantitative changes in land use/cover (LUCC) change in the four basins, from 1990 to 2018. (a-1), (a-2), (a-3), (a-4), and (a-5) show quantitative changes in LUCC in the HRB. (b-1), (b-2), (b-3), (b-4), and (b-5) show quantitative changes of LUCC in the HURB. (c-1), (c-2), (c-3), (c-4), and (c-5) show quantitative changes of LUCC in the YERB. (d-1), (d-2), (d-3), (d-4), and (d-5) show quantitative changes of LUCC in the YARB. WL, GL, WR, UN, CL, UL, RS, and CO denote the woodland, grassland, water, unused land, cultivated land, urban land, rural settlement, and other construction land, respectively.

Figure 4

Spatial dynamics of land use/cover (LUCC) in the four basins from 1990 to 2018. (a-1), (a-2), (a-3), (a-4), and (a-5) depict spatial dynamics of LUCC in the HRB; (b-1), (b-2), (b-3), (b-4), and (b-5) depict spatial dynamics of LUCC in the HURB; (c-1), (c-2), (c-3), (c-4), and (c-5) depict spatial dynamics of LUCC in the YERB; (d-1), (d-2), (d-3), (d-4), and (d-5) depict spatial dynamics of LUCC in the YARB. The definition of land-use type abbreviations (FS, EP, PL) can be found in Table 4.

Figure 5

Quantity of carbon storage change in the study area in 1990, 2000, 2010, 2015, and 2018: (a) Total quantity of carbon emission; (b) Quantity of carbon emission from food security land; (c) Quantity of carbon emission from production and living land; (d) Quantity of carbon emission from ecological conservation land.

Figure 6

Spatial distribution of carbon sinks and carbon sources in the study area in 1990, 2000, 2010, 2015, and 2018.

Figure 7

Suggestions for emission reduction based on land-use-related carbon storage changes.