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. 2021 Feb 18:12:636460.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.636460. eCollection 2021.

Assessment of Cytospora Isolates From Conifer Cankers in China, With the Descriptions of Four New Cytospora Species

Meng Pan  1 , Haiyan Zhu  1 , Chengming Tian  1 , Manrong Huang  2 , Xinlei Fan  1
Affiliations

Assessment of Cytospora Isolates From Conifer Cankers in China, With the Descriptions of Four New Cytospora Species

Meng Pan et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Cytospora species are widely distributed and often occur as endophytes, saprobes or phytopathogens. They primarily cause canker and dieback diseases of woody host plants, leading to the growth weakness or death of host plants, thereby causing significant economic and ecological losses. In order to reveal the diversity of Cytospora species associated with canker and dieback diseases of coniferous trees in China, we assessed 11 Cytospora spp. represented by 28 fungal strains from symptomatic branches or twigs of coniferous trees, i.e., Juniperus procumbens, J. przewalskii, Picea crassifolia, Pinus armandii, P. bungeana, Platycladus orientalis in China. Through morphological observations and multilocus phylogeny of ITS, LSU, act, rpb2, tef1-α, and tub2 gene sequences, we focused on four novel Cytospora species (C. albodisca, C. discostoma, C. donglingensis, and C. verrucosa) associated with Platycladus orientalis. This study represented the first attempt to clarify the taxonomy of Cytospora species associated with canker and dieback symptoms of coniferous trees in China.

Keywords: canker disease; coniferous trees; pathogen; phylogeny; taxonomy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogram of Cytospora based on combined ITS, LSU, act, rpb2, tef1-α, and tub2 genes. MP and ML bootstrap support values above 50% are shown at the first and second position. Thickened branches represent posterior probabilities above 0.95 from BI. Ex-type strains are in bold. Strains in current study are in blue.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Morphology of Cytospora albodisca (BJFC CF2019908). (A–C) Habit of ascomata on twig. (D,E) Transverse section of ascomata. (F) Longitudinal section through ascomata. (G) Asci and ascospores. (H) Ascus. (I) Ascospores. (J) Colonies on PDA at 3 days (left) and 30 days (right). (K) Conidiomata from culture on PDA. (L) Conidiophores. (M) Conidia. Bars: (A) = 1 mm; (B–D), (F) = 250 μm; (E,K) = 500 μm; (F,G), (L,M) = 10 μm.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Morphology of Cytospora discostoma (BJFC CF2019802). (A,B) Habit of conidiomata on twig. (C) Transverse section of conidioma. (D) Longitudinal section through conidioma. (E) Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. (F) Conidia. (G) Colonies on PDA at 3 days (left) and 30 days (right). Bars: (A) = 1 mm; (B–D) = 500 μm; (E,F) = 10 μm.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Morphology of Cytospora donglingensis (BJFC CF2019884). (A,B) Habit of ascomata on twig. (C,D) Transverse section of ascomata. (E) Longitudinal section through ascomata. (F) Asci and ascospores. (G) Ascus. (H) Ascospores. (I) Colonies on PDA at 3 days (left) and 30 days (right). (J) Conidiomata from culture on PDA. (K,L) Conidiophores. (M) Conidia. Bars: (A) = 1 mm; (B–E), (J) = 500 μm; (F–H), (K–M) = 10 μm.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Morphology of Cytospora verrucosa (BJFC CF2019882). (A–C) Habit of conidiomata on twig. (D) Transverse section of conidioma. (E) Longitudinal section through conidioma. (F) Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. (G) Conidia. (H) Colonies on PDA at 3 days (left) and 30 days (right). Bars: (A) = 1 mm; (B–E) = 500 μm; (F,G) = 10 μm.
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