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Review
. 2021 Feb 17:10:606335.
doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.606335. eCollection 2020.

Human Papillomavirus-Negative Cervical Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Biyuan Xing  1 , Jianfeng Guo  2 , Yuhan Sheng  1 , Gang Wu  1 , Yingchao Zhao  1
Affiliations
Review

Human Papillomavirus-Negative Cervical Cancer: A Comprehensive Review

Biyuan Xing et al. Front Oncol. .

Abstract

Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been the leading cause of cervical cancer for over 25 years. Approximately 5.5-11% of all cervical cancers are reported to be HPV-negative, which can be attributed to truly negative and false-negative results. The truly HPV-negative cervical cancers are almost all cervical adenocarcinomas with unclear etiology. False HPV negativity can arise from histological misclassification, latent HPV infection, disruption of the targeting fragment, non-high risk HPV infection, and HPV testing methods. HPV-negative cervical cancers are often diagnosed at an advanced FIGO stage and have a poor prognosis; thus, the management of these cases requires greater attention.

Keywords: cervical cancer; false-negative; human papillomavirus; human papillomavirus (HPV) testing; human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Classification of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. PCR, polymerase chain reaction; TMA, transcription-mediated amplification.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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