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. 2021 Feb 10:10:604504.
doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.604504. eCollection 2020.

A Novel Species of Penicillium With Inhibitory Effects Against Pyricularia oryzae and Fungal Pathogens Inducing Citrus Diseases

Li-Juan Liang  1 , Rajesh Jeewon  2 , Pem Dhandevi  3 , Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan  4 , Hongye Li  1 , Fu-Cheng Lin  1 , Hong-Kai Wang  1
Affiliations

A Novel Species of Penicillium With Inhibitory Effects Against Pyricularia oryzae and Fungal Pathogens Inducing Citrus Diseases

Li-Juan Liang et al. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. .

Abstract

A novel species of Penicillium, proposed as P. linzhiense sp.nov was isolated from soil collected in Linzhi Town, Linzhi County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China. DNA sequence analyses from eight different gene regions indicate that the isolate represents a novel species and most closely related to P. janczewskii. The phylogenetic analysis based on a concatenated dataset of three genes, ITS, CaM, and BenA, also confirmed the placement of the novel species within the Canescentia section of the genus Penicillium. Differences in morphology among similar species are detailed and single gene phylogenies based on ITS, CaM and BenA genes as well as a multi-loci gene phylogeny are presented. Cultural studies were performed to study inhibitory activities on plant pathogens. The results reveal a notable antifungal activity against Pyricularia oryzae causing rice blast with an inhibition rate up to 77%, while for other three citrus pathogens, Diaporthe citri, Phyllosticta citrichinaensis, and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, inhibition rate was 40, 50, and 55% respectively. No noticeable effects were observed for Fusarium graminearum, Botryosphaeria kuwatsukai, and Rhizoctonia solani. Interestingly, unlike other reported members of Canescentia, P. linzhiense showed no antagonistic effect on root rotting fungi. The new taxon isolated here has the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent especially for economically important phytopathogens or emerging pathogens on diseases occurring on citrus or rice.

Keywords: Canescentia; Pyricularia oryzae; antifungal activity; citrus diseases; multigene phylogeny; plant pathology; taxonomy.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Morphology of Penicillium linzhiense after incubation at 25°C on different medium for 7 days. bottom row: reverse plate.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Micromorphology of P. linzhiense. (Scale bars = 5 μm.) (A) Branching status of conidiophore. (B) Conidia’s growth status on the bottle stem. (C) Conidiophore and bottle stem. (D) Morphology of bottle stem. (E) Growth manner of bottle stem on base stem. (F) Morphology of conidia.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(A) Maximum parsimony tree of the combined sequence of ITS, CaM and BenA of P. linzhiense (T = ex-type; the scale bar shows the number of substitutions and the values above the nodes represent bootstrap support). The new species is marked by blue block. (B) Maximum likelihood tree of the combined sequence of ITS, CaM, and BenA of P. linzhiense (T = ex-type; the scale bar shows the number of substitutions and the values above the nodes represent bootstrap support). The new species is marked by blue block. (C) Maximum likelihood tree derived from DNA sequence analyses of the ITS, gene region. (The scale bar shows the number of substitutions and the values above the nodes represent bootstrap support, but those support lower than 50% are not showed). (D) Maximum likelihood tree derived from DNA sequence analyses of the CaM gene region. (The scale bar shows the number of substitutions and the values above the nodes represent bootstrap support, but those support lower than 50% are not showed). (E) Maximum likelihood tree derived from DNA sequence analyses of the BenA, gene region. (The scale bar shows the number of substitutions and the values above the nodes represent bootstrap support, but those support lower than 50% are not showed).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Inhibition of P. linzhiense on plant pathogens. (A) Inhibitory effect of P. linzhiense on Pyricularia oryzae after 14 d; (B) Inhibitory effect of P. linzhiense on Diaporthe citri after 7 d; (C) Inhibitory effect of P. linzhiense on Phyllosticta citrichinaensis after 7 d; (D) Inhibitory effect of P. linzhiense on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides after 7 d; (E) Inhibitory effect of P. linzhiense on Fusarium graminearum after 7 d; (F) Inhibitory effect of P. linzhiense on Botryosphaeria kuwatsukai after 7 d; (G) Inhibitory effect of P. linzhiense on Rhizoctonia solani after 7 d. [(A–G) The left one was an inhibition culture group (above: P. linzhiense; below: the tested pathogen), and the right one was a control group].
Figure 5
Figure 5
The inhibition rate of pathogen radius (IR) of P. linzhiense against different pathogens in the confrontation culture test.
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