Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2021 Feb 17:2021:6613827.
doi: 10.1155/2021/6613827. eCollection 2021.

NAFLD, Insulin Resistance, and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Marinko Marušić  1   2   3 , Matej Paić  1 , Mia Knobloch  1 , Ana-Marija Liberati Pršo  4
Affiliations
Review

NAFLD, Insulin Resistance, and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

Marinko Marušić et al. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol. .

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a condition defined by fat accumulation in hepatocytes not promoted by excessive alcohol consumption. It is highly prevalent and is strongly associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes type II. Insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the multifactorial etiopathogenesis of this condition leading to accumulation of free fatty acids in the liver cells, thus causing lipotoxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis. In this review, we will focus on currently known pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Numerous investigation strategies are available to establish the diagnosis, from biochemical markers and ultrasound to various molecular and advanced imaging techniques and liver biopsy. Prevention is crucial. However, effective and promising therapies are strongly demanded.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Progression of steatosis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Pathophysiology.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Chalasani N., Younossi Z., Lavine J. E., et al. The diagnosis and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guideline by the American gastroenterological association, American association for the study of liver diseases, and American college of gastroenterology. Gastroenterology. 2012;142(7):1592–1609. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2012.04.001. - DOI - PubMed
    1. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC) Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants. Lancet. 2016;387:1377–1396. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30054-X. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Younossi Z. M., Stepanova M., Afendy M., et al. Changes in the prevalence of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases in the United States from 1988 to 2008. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2011;9(6):524–530. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2011.03.020. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Wong R. J., Aguilar M., Cheung R., et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the second leading etiology of liver disease among adults awaiting liver transplantation in the United States. Gastroenterology. 2015;148(3):547–555. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.11.039. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Tomah S., Alkhouri N., Hamdy O. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes: where do Diabetologists stand? Clinical Diabetes and Endocrinology. 2020;6(1):p. 9. doi: 10.1186/s40842-020-00097-1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources