Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2020 Dec 15;5(2):334-337.
doi: 10.1016/j.jseint.2020.10.018. eCollection 2021 Mar.

Validation and reliability of a Japanese version of the Simple Shoulder Test: a cross-sectional study

Takuya Sekiguchi  1   2 , Yoshihiro Hagiwara  2 , Akira Ando  3 , Kenji Kanazawa  4 , Kazuaki Suzuki  2 , Masashi Koide  3 , Yutaka Yabe  2 , Satsuki Onoda  5 , Eiji Itoi  2
Affiliations

Validation and reliability of a Japanese version of the Simple Shoulder Test: a cross-sectional study

Takuya Sekiguchi et al. JSES Int. .

Abstract

Background: The Simple Shoulder Test (SST) is a widely used patient-reported outcome assessment. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a Japanese version of the SST (SST-Jp).

Methods: A two-stage observational study was conducted to validate the cross-cultural adaptation of the SST. A total of 100 patients with shoulder disorders completed the SST-Jp; the Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand assessment; and the Medical Outcomes Short-Form 36 (SF-36) at an initial visit. Thirty-four of the patients repeated the SST-Jp one week after the first examination. The test-retest reliability was quantified using the interclass correlation coefficient, and Cronbach's alpha (α) was calculated to assess internal consistency. Construct validity was assessed using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.

Results: The internal consistency of the SST-Jp was very high (α = 0.826). The interclass correlation coefficient of the SST-Jp was also high (0.859). There was a strong, positive correlation between the Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand and the SST-Jp (r = 0.717, P < .001). The SST-Jp was significantly correlated with most of the SF-36 subscales. The correlations of the SST-Jp with physical subscales of the SF-36 were stronger than those with the other subscales.

Conclusions: The SST-Jp was found to be a valid and reliable measurement for shoulder joint pain and function assessment among the Japanese population.

Keywords: Japan; Shoulder; Simple Shoulder Test; cross-cultural comparison; patient-reported outcome measures; validity.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Angst F., Schwyzer H.K., Aeschlimann A., Simmen B.R., Goldhahn J. Measures of adult shoulder function: Disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand questionnaire (DASH) and its short version (QuickDASH), shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) Society standardized shoulder assessment form, constant (Murley) score (CS), simple shoulder test (SST), Oxford shoulder score (OSS), shoulder disability questionnaire (SDQ), and Western Ontario shoulder instability index (WOSI) Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2011;63:S174. doi: 10.1002/acr.20630. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Beaton D.E., Bombardier C., Guillemin F., Ferraz M.B. Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2000;25:3186–3191. - PubMed
    1. Burbank K.M., Stevenson J.H., Czarnecki G.R., Dorfman J. Chronic shouler pain part I: Evaluation and diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2008;77:453–460. - PubMed
    1. Cronbach L.J. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika. 1951;16:297–334.
    1. Ebrahimzadeh M.H., Vahedi E., Baradaran A., Birjandinejad A., Seyyed-Hoseinian S.H., Bagheri F. Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Simple Shoulder Test (SST) Questionnaire. Arch Bone Jt Surg. 2016;4:387–392. - PMC - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources