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Comment
. 2021 May 15;203(10):1325-1326.
doi: 10.1164/rccm.202101-0088LE.

Sleep Apnea and Poor COVID-19 Outcomes: Beware of Causal Intermediates and Colliders

Zuber D Mulla  1   2 , Indu S Pathak  1   3
Affiliations
Comment

Sleep Apnea and Poor COVID-19 Outcomes: Beware of Causal Intermediates and Colliders

Zuber D Mulla et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Directed acyclic graph for the effect of obstructive sleep apnea on poor outcome among patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Age is a confounder of the association, whereas hypertension is a causal intermediate.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Directed acyclic graph for the effect of obstructive sleep apnea on poor outcome among patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Hypertension is a collider on the path from obstructive sleep apnea to poor outcome. U is an unmeasured variable such as a medication or illness.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

Comment on

  • Sleep Apnea and COVID-19 Mortality and Hospitalization.
    Cade BE, Dashti HS, Hassan SM, Redline S, Karlson EW. Cade BE, et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Nov 15;202(10):1462-1464. doi: 10.1164/rccm.202006-2252LE. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020. PMID: 32946275 Free PMC article. No abstract available.

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