Genetic Diversity of Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in the South and East Regions of Kazakhstan and Northwestern China

Yicheng Yang^{1

2}, Jin Tong³, Hongyin Ruan⁴, Meihua Yang⁵, Chunli Sang¹, Gang Liu¹, Wurelihazi Hazihan⁶, Bin Xu⁷, Sándor Hornok⁸, Kadyken Rizabek⁹, Kulmanova Gulzhan⁹, Zhiqiang Liu¹⁰, Yuanzhi Wang¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China.
² Emergency Department, Shihezi City People's Hospital, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China.
³ Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832008, People's Republic of China.
⁴ Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China.
⁵ Department of Forestry, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China.
⁶ School of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China.
⁷ National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China.
⁸ Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest 1078, Hungary.
⁹ Department of Food Engineering, Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty Oblast 050010, Kazakhstan.
¹⁰ Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830000, People's Republic of China.

PMID: 33684994
PMCID: PMC7939963
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.103

Genetic Diversity of Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in the South and East Regions of Kazakhstan and Northwestern China

Yicheng Yang et al. Korean J Parasitol. 2021 Feb.

. 2021 Feb;59(1):103-108.

doi: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.103. Epub 2021 Feb 19.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Basic Medicine, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China.
² Emergency Department, Shihezi City People's Hospital, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832000, People's Republic of China.
³ Department of Ultrasound, the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832008, People's Republic of China.
⁴ Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China.
⁵ Department of Forestry, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China.
⁶ School of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 832002, People's Republic of China.
⁷ National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China.
⁸ Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest 1078, Hungary.
⁹ Department of Food Engineering, Kazakh National Agrarian University, Almaty Oblast 050010, Kazakhstan.
¹⁰ Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830000, People's Republic of China.

PMID: 33684994
PMCID: PMC7939963
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.1.103

Abstract

To date, there is no report on the genetic diversity of ticks in these regions. A total of 370 representative ticks from the south and east regions of Kazakhstan (SERK) and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR) were selected for molecular comparison. A fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (cox1) gene, ranging from 631 bp to 889 bp, was used to analyze genetic diversity among these ticks. Phylogenetic analyses indicated 7 tick species including Hyalomma asiaticum, Hyalomma detritum, Hyalomma anatolicum, Dermacentor marginatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus turanicus and Haemaphysalis erinacei from the SERK clustered together with conspecific ticks from the XUAR. The network diagram of haplotypes showed that i) Hy. asiaticum from Almaty and Kyzylorda Oblasts together with that from Yuli County of XUAR constituted haplogroup H-2, and the lineage from Chimkent City of South Kazakhstan was newly evolved; and ii) the R. turanicus ticks sampled in Israel, Almaty, South Kazakhstan, Usu City, Ulugqat and Baicheng Counties of XUAR were derivated from an old lineage in Alataw City of XUAR. These findings indicate that: i) Hy. asiaticum, R. turanicus and Ha. erinacei shared genetic similarities between the SERK and XUAR; and ii) Hy. marginatum and D. reticulatus show differences in their evolution.

Keywords: Genetic diversity; Kazakhstan; hard tick; northwestern China.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Maximum-likelihood (ML; 1,000 bootstrap replicates) phylogenetic tree of the *cox*1 constructed with MEGA 7.0 software, using the sequences of tick species from SERK (▲) and XUAR (△) in this study and the sequences available in the GenBank. The scale bar represented the inferred substitutions per nucleotide site. A network diagram of *Hyalomma asiaticum* in the haplotypes A network diagram of *Rhipicephalus turanicus* in the haplotypes

**Fig. 2**
Network diagrams of *Hyalomma asiaticum* and *Rhipicephalus turanicus* showing the haplotypes in the SERK and XUAR based on the mitochondrial *cox*1 gene.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Genetic Diversity of Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in the South and East Regions of Kazakhstan and Northwestern China

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Genetic Diversity of Hard Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in the South and East Regions of Kazakhstan and Northwestern China

Authors

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Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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