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. 2021 Feb 19:2021:2969243.
doi: 10.1155/2021/2969243. eCollection 2021.

Influence of the Model of Care on the Outcomes of Diabetes Self-Management Education Program: A Scoping Review

Emmanuel Kumah  1 , Emmanuel K Afriyie  2 , Aaron A Abuosi  3 , Samuel E Ankomah  4 , Adam Fusheini  4   5 , Godfred Otchere  1
Affiliations

Influence of the Model of Care on the Outcomes of Diabetes Self-Management Education Program: A Scoping Review

Emmanuel Kumah et al. J Diabetes Res. .

Abstract

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for approximately 95% of all diabetes cases, making the disease a global public health concern. The increasing prevalence of T2DM has highlighted the importance of evidence-based guidelines for effective prevention, management, and treatment. Diabetes self-management education (DSME) can produce positive effects on patient behaviors and health status. Study objective. We synthesized findings from the existing studies to find out whether or not the impact of DSME on patient health behaviors and outcomes differ by the different models of diabetes care. That is, we determined whether there are differences in DSME outcomes when patient's care provider is a general practitioner, a specialist, a nurse, or a combination of these health professionals.

Methods: Searches were made of six electronic databases to identify relevant English language publications on DSME from 2000 through 2019. Titles and abstracts of the search results were screened to select eligible papers for full-text screening. All eligible papers were retrieved, and full-text screening was done by three independent reviewers to select studies for inclusion in the final analysis. Twenty-one studies were included in the final analysis. The main outcome measures assessed were glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), diet, and physical activity.

Results: The majority of the patients with diabetes were seen by primary care physicians. In general, the studies reported significant improvements in patient health behaviors and outcomes. Some differences in outcomes between the different models of care were observed.

Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the effects of DSME on patients' health behaviors and outcomes could differ by the different models of diabetes care. However, considering the limited sample of publications reviewed, and because none of the reviewed studies directly measured the impact of the DSME program on patient behaviors and outcomes, significant conclusions could not be reached.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Literature search flow diagram.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Number of studies reporting on the selected outcome measures and the corresponding number of positive effects on each outcome.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Models of diabetes care.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Comparison of positive SME outcomes by the different models of diabetes care. The arrow (→) indicates the positive effect of a model of care on the SME outcome measures. The specialist-led model has been excluded because it had no positive effect on the outcome measures.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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