Presence of tophi is associated with a rapid decline in the renal function in patients with gout

Abstract

We aimed to compare clinical characteristics of patients with and without tophi at the time of the diagnosis of gout and investigate the association of tophi and renal function in gout patients. The patients who were first diagnosed with gout at the Kangwon National University Hospital were retrospectively studied. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of tophi at the diagnosis. We compared clinical characteristics and the progression of renal dysfunction between the two groups. Of 276 patients, 66 (25.5%) initially presented with tophi. Tophi group was older, had a longer symptom duration, and a higher prevalence of multiple joint involvement than those without tophi. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, prolonged symptom duration and multiple joint involvement were significantly associated with increased risk of formation of tophi. The decline in the eGFR was more prominent in patients with tophi than in those without (- 4.8 ± 14.5 vs. - 0.7 ± 11.9 ml/min/1.73 m²/year, respectively; P = 0.039). The presence of tophi was significantly associated with a rapid decline in the eGFR (β = - 0.136; P = 0.042). In conclusion, the presence of tophi was associated with a rapid declining renal function. Therefore, an early diagnosis and closely monitoring of renal function might be important in gout patients with tophi.

Figure 1

Changes in eGFR in gout patients with or without tophi. Decline of the eGFR in the tophi group was − 4.8 ± 14.5 ml/min/1.73m²/year, while that in the no tophi group was − 0.7 ± 11.9 ml/min/1.73m²/year (P = 0.039).