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. 2021 Feb 23:8:631747.
doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.631747. eCollection 2021.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Social Development Index

Mireya Martínez-García  1 , Guadalupe O Gutiérrez-Esparza  2 , Juan Carlos Roblero-Godinez  3 , Diana Vianey Marín-Pérez  4 , Cindy Lucia Montes-Ruiz  5 , Maite Vallejo  1 , Enrique Hernández-Lemus  6
Affiliations

Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Social Development Index

Mireya Martínez-García et al. Front Cardiovasc Med. .

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The complex etiology of CVD is known to be significantly affected by environmental and social factors. There is, however, a lag in our understanding of how population level components may be related to the onset and severity of CVD, and how some indicators of unsatisfied basic needs might be related to known risk factors. Here, we present a cross-sectional study aimed to analyze the association between cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) and Social Development Index (SDI) in adult individuals within a metropolitan urban environment. The six components of SDI as well as socioeconomic, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and risk behavior parameters were explored within the study population. As a result, several CVRF (waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, glucose, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and sodium) were found in a higher proportion in the low or very low levels of the SDI, and this pattern occurs more in women than in men. Canonical analysis indicates a correlation between other socioeconomic features and anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical factors (canonical coefficient = 0.8030). Further studies along these lines are needed to fully establish how to insert such associations into the design of health policy and interventions with a view to lessen the burden of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in metropolitan urban environments.

Keywords: cardiovascular diseases; cardiovascular risk factors; human development index; residence characteristics; social determinants of health; social development index; socioeconomic status.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
SDI, Social Development Index of Mexico City. (A) The six components of Social Development Index and (B) the four development levels of Social Development Index.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Alluvial diagram of the main cardiovascular risk factors by Social Development Index level.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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