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. 2021 Feb 26;126(8):081102.
doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.081102.

Properties of Heavy Secondary Fluorine Cosmic Rays: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

M Aguilar  1 L Ali Cavasonza  2 M S Allen  3 B Alpat  4 G Ambrosi  4 L Arruda  5 N Attig  6 F Barao  5 L Barrin  7 A Bartoloni  8 S Başeğmez-du Pree  9 R Battiston  10   11 M Behlmann  3 B Beranek  2 J Berdugo  1 B Bertucci  4   12 V Bindi  13 K Bollweg  14 B Borgia  8   15 M J Boschini  16 M Bourquin  17 E F Bueno  9 J Burger  3 W J Burger  10 S Burmeister  18 X D Cai  3 M Capell  3 J Casaus  1 G Castellini  19 F Cervelli  20 Y H Chang  21   22 G M Chen  23   24 G R Chen  25 H S Chen  23   24 Y Chen  17   25 L Cheng  25 H Y Chou  22 S Chouridou  2 V Choutko  3 C H Chung  2 C Clark  3   14 G Coignet  26 C Consolandi  13 A Contin  27   28 C Corti  13 Z Cui  29   25 K Dadzie  3 C Delgado  1 S Della Torre  16 M B Demirköz  30 L Derome  31 S Di Falco  20 V Di Felice  32 C Díaz  1 F Dimiccoli  10 P von Doetinchem  13 F Dong  33 F Donnini  32 M Duranti  4 A Egorov  3 A Eline  3 J Feng  3 E Fiandrini  4   12 P Fisher  3 V Formato  32 C Freeman  13 Y Galaktionov  3 C Gámez  1 R J García-López  34 C Gargiulo  7 H Gast  2 M Gervasi  16   35 F Giovacchini  1 D M Gómez-Coral  13 J Gong  33 C Goy  26 V Grabski  36 D Grandi  16   35 M Graziani  4   12 S Haino  21 K C Han  37 R K Hashmani  30 Z H He  38 B Heber  18 T H Hsieh  3 J Y Hu  23   24 M Incagli  20 W Y Jang  39 Yi Jia  3 H Jinchi  37 K Kanishev  10 B Khiali  32 G N Kim  39 Th Kirn  2 M Konyushikhin  3 O Kounina  3 A Kounine  3 V Koutsenko  3 A Kuhlman  13 A Kulemzin  3 G La Vacca  16   35 E Laudi  7 G Laurenti  27 I Lazzizzera  10   11 A Lebedev  3 H T Lee  40 S C Lee  21 J Q Li  33 M Li  2 Q Li  33 S Li  2 J H Li  29 Z H Li  23   24 J Liang  29 C Light  13 C H Lin  21 T Lippert  6 J H Liu  41 Z Liu  17 S Q Lu  21 Y S Lu  23 K Luebelsmeyer  2 J Z Luo  33 Xi Luo  25 S S Lyu  38 F Machate  2 C Mañá  1 J Marín  1 J Marquardt  18 T Martin  3   14 G Martínez  1 N Masi  27   28 D Maurin  31 A Menchaca-Rocha  36 Q Meng  33 V V Mikhailov  42 D C Mo  38 M Molero  1 P Mott  3   14 L Mussolin  4   12 J Negrete  13 N Nikonov  2 F Nozzoli  10 A Oliva  27 M Orcinha  5 M Palermo  13 F Palmonari  27   28 M Paniccia  17 A Pashnin  3 M Pauluzzi  4   12 S Pensotti  16   35 H D Phan  3 R Piandani  43 V Plyaskin  3 S Poluianov  44 X Qin  3 Z Y Qu  21 L Quadrani  27   28 P G Rancoita  16 D Rapin  17 A Reina Conde  34 E Robyn  17 S Rosier-Lees  26 A Rozhkov  3 D Rozza  16   35 R Sagdeev  45 S Schael  2 A Schulz von Dratzig  2 G Schwering  2 E S Seo  46 Z Shakfa  30 B S Shan  47 T Siedenburg  2 C Solano  3 J W Song  29 X J Song  25 R Sonnabend  2 L Strigari  8 T Su  25 Q Sun  29 Z T Sun  23   24 M Tacconi  16   35 X W Tang  23 Z C Tang  23 J Tian  4   12 Samuel C C Ting  3   7 S M Ting  3 N Tomassetti  4   12 J Torsti  48 C Tüysüz  30 T Urban  3   14 I Usoskin  44 V Vagelli  4   49 R Vainio  48 M Valencia-Otero  22 E Valente  8   15 E Valtonen  48 M Vázquez Acosta  34 M Vecchi  9 M Velasco  1 J P Vialle  26 C X Wang  29 L Wang  41 L Q Wang  29 N H Wang  29 Q L Wang  41 S Wang  13 X Wang  3 Yu Wang  29 Z M Wang  25 J Wei  17 Z L Weng  3 H Wu  33 R Q Xiong  33 W Xu  29   25 Q Yan  3 Y Yang  50 I I Yashin  42 H Yi  33 Y M Yu  38 Z Q Yu  23 M Zannoni  16   35 C Zhang  23 F Zhang  23 F Z Zhang  23   24 J H Zhang  33 Z Zhang  3 F Zhao  23   24 C Zheng  25 Z M Zheng  47 H L Zhuang  23 V Zhukov  2 A Zichichi  27   28 P Zuccon  10   11 AMS Collaboration
Affiliations

Properties of Heavy Secondary Fluorine Cosmic Rays: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

M Aguilar et al. Phys Rev Lett. .

Abstract

Precise knowledge of the charge and rigidity dependence of the secondary cosmic ray fluxes and the secondary-to-primary flux ratios is essential in the understanding of cosmic ray propagation. We report the properties of heavy secondary cosmic ray fluorine F in the rigidity R range 2.15 GV to 2.9 TV based on 0.29 million events collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. The fluorine spectrum deviates from a single power law above 200 GV. The heavier secondary-to-primary F/Si flux ratio rigidity dependence is distinctly different from the lighter B/O (or B/C) rigidity dependence. In particular, above 10 GV, the F/Si/B/O ratio can be described by a power law R^{δ} with δ=0.052±0.007. This shows that the propagation properties of heavy cosmic rays, from F to Si, are different from those of light cosmic rays, from He to O, and that the secondary cosmic rays have two classes.

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