Properties of Heavy Secondary Fluorine Cosmic Rays: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
Affiliations
- 1 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- 2 I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
- 3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
- 4 INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
- 5 Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
- 6 Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- 7 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
- 8 INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy.
- 9 Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands.
- 10 INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
- 11 Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
- 12 Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
- 13 Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
- 14 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA.
- 15 Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy.
- 16 INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
- 17 DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
- 18 Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
- 19 CNR-IROE, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
- 20 INFN Sezione di Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
- 21 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- 22 Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan.
- 23 Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- 24 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
- 25 Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
- 26 Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France.
- 27 INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- 28 Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- 29 Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
- 30 Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
- 31 Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France.
- 32 INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy.
- 33 Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China.
- 34 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- 35 Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
- 36 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, 01000 Mexico.
- 37 National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan.
- 38 Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- 39 CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea.
- 40 Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- 41 Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- 42 NRNU MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409 Russia.
- 43 Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 44 Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
- 45 East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
- 46 IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
- 47 Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China.
- 48 Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
- 49 Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy.
- 50 National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- PMID: 33709764
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.081102
Properties of Heavy Secondary Fluorine Cosmic Rays: Results from the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer
Authors
Affiliations
- 1 Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- 2 I. Physics Institute and JARA-FAME, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany.
- 3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
- 4 INFN Sezione di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
- 5 Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP), 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
- 6 Jülich Supercomputing Centre and JARA-FAME, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
- 7 European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland.
- 8 INFN Sezione di Roma 1, 00185 Roma, Italy.
- 9 Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, Netherlands.
- 10 INFN TIFPA, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
- 11 Università di Trento, 38123 Povo, Trento, Italy.
- 12 Università di Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy.
- 13 Physics and Astronomy Department, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.
- 14 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, Texas 77058, USA.
- 15 Università di Roma La Sapienza, 00185 Roma, Italy.
- 16 INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
- 17 DPNC, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland.
- 18 Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Alberts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
- 19 CNR-IROE, 50125 Firenze, Italy.
- 20 INFN Sezione di Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
- 21 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- 22 Physics Department and Center for High Energy and High Field Physics, National Central University (NCU), Tao Yuan, 32054, Taiwan.
- 23 Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- 24 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS), Beijing, 100049, China.
- 25 Shandong Institute of Advanced Technology (SDIAT), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
- 26 Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LAPP-IN2P3, 74000 Annecy, France.
- 27 INFN Sezione di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- 28 Università di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
- 29 Shandong University (SDU), Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China.
- 30 Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University (METU), 06800 Ankara, Turkey.
- 31 Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France.
- 32 INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy.
- 33 Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing, 210096, China.
- 34 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC), 38205 La Laguna, and Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
- 35 Università di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy.
- 36 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, 01000 Mexico.
- 37 National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology (NCSIST), Longtan, Tao Yuan, 32546, Taiwan.
- 38 Sun Yat-Sen University (SYSU), Guangzhou, 510275, China.
- 39 CHEP, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Korea.
- 40 Academia Sinica Grid Center (ASGC), Nankang, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
- 41 Institute of Electrical Engineering (IEE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- 42 NRNU MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409 Russia.
- 43 Institut für Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
- 44 Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory and Space Physics and Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.
- 45 East-West Center for Space Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
- 46 IPST, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
- 47 Beihang University (BUAA), Beijing, 100191, China.
- 48 Space Research Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.
- 49 Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI), 00133 Roma, Italy.
- 50 National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan.
- PMID: 33709764
- DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.081102
Abstract
Precise knowledge of the charge and rigidity dependence of the secondary cosmic ray fluxes and the secondary-to-primary flux ratios is essential in the understanding of cosmic ray propagation. We report the properties of heavy secondary cosmic ray fluorine F in the rigidity R range 2.15 GV to 2.9 TV based on 0.29 million events collected by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer experiment on the International Space Station. The fluorine spectrum deviates from a single power law above 200 GV. The heavier secondary-to-primary F/Si flux ratio rigidity dependence is distinctly different from the lighter B/O (or B/C) rigidity dependence. In particular, above 10 GV, the F/Si/B/O ratio can be described by a power law R^{δ} with δ=0.052±0.007. This shows that the propagation properties of heavy cosmic rays, from F to Si, are different from those of light cosmic rays, from He to O, and that the secondary cosmic rays have two classes.