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. 2021 Feb 26:12:631421.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.631421. eCollection 2021.

Differential Antioxidant Compounds and Activities in Seedlings of Two Rice Cultivars Under Chilling Treatment

Shangguang Du  1   2 , Xueyong Huang  1 , Yali Cai  1 , Yingbin Hao  1 , Shengrong Qiu  1 , Lihua Liu  1 , Meng Cui  1 , Liping Luo  1
Affiliations

Differential Antioxidant Compounds and Activities in Seedlings of Two Rice Cultivars Under Chilling Treatment

Shangguang Du et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Variations in antioxidant compounds were examined in seedlings of two rice cultivars (Qiutianxiaoting and 93-11) exposed to low temperature (4°C) for 0, 12, 36, and 48 h. Antioxidant activity was identified by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The concentrations of total phenols, flavonoids, chlorophyll, and anthocyanins (ACNs) were determined by spectrophotometry. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to reveal the changes in phenolic compound concentrations in rice seedlings under chilling treatment. Results showed that antioxidant concentrations and antioxidant activity after chilling treatment were higher in 93-11 compared to Qiutianxiaoting, reaching the highest level at 36 h chilling treatment in 93-11. Phenolic compounds in Qiutianxiaoting decreased between 12 and 36 h but then increased at 48 h, whereas the corresponding levels in 93-11 increased as chilling time increased. Moreover, 10 phenolic compounds were detected and quantified by HPLC, of which gallic acid and caffeic acid tended to only exist in 93-11, whereas rutin was observed only in Qiutianxiaoting. The results of this study could be leveraged to optimize the antioxidant potential of rice in the context of healthy food choices.

Keywords: antioxidant activity; chilling treatment; high-performance liquid chromatography; phenolic compounds; rice seedlings.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Total antioxidant activity in rice seedling extracts exposed to chilling treatments spanning different durations. (A) Antioxidant activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). (B) Antioxidant activity of ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Bars represent means and SD (n = 3). For each group, significant mean differences (p < 0.05) are shown by different lowercase letters.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Total phenol and flavonoid contents in rice seedlings. Results are represented by means and SEs. (A) The concentrations of total phenols. (B) The concentrations of total flavonoids. DW, dry weight.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Total chlorophyll and anthocyanin contents in rice seedlings. (A) The concentrations of total chlorophyll. (B) The concentrations of total anthocyanins. Results are represented by means and SEs. DW, dry weight.
Figure 4
Figure 4
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) chromatograms under 280 nm wavelength of the mixed standard (A) and methanol extracts for group Q (B) and group Y (C) chilled for 0, 12, 36, and 48 h. 1. gallic acid; 2. protocatechuic acid; 3. chlorogenic acid; 4. caffeic acid; 5. p-coumaric acid; 6. rutin; 7. ferulic acid; 8. salicylic acid; 9. cinnamic acid; and 10. kaempferol.
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