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. 2021 Feb 24:12:640512.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640512. eCollection 2021.

Strategies to Produce Grapefruit-Like Citrus Varieties With a Low Furanocoumarin Content and Distinctive Flavonoid Profiles

A Garcia-Lor  1 , A Bermejo  1 , J Morales  1 , M Hernández  1 , A Medina  1 , J Cuenca  1 , L Navarro  1 , Pablo Aleza  1
Affiliations

Strategies to Produce Grapefruit-Like Citrus Varieties With a Low Furanocoumarin Content and Distinctive Flavonoid Profiles

A Garcia-Lor et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Pummelos and hybrids, such as grapefruits, have high furanocoumarin and low flavonoid contents. Furanocoumarins interact negatively with certain drugs, while flavonoids are antioxidant compounds with health benefits. To obtain new grapefruit-like varieties with low furanocoumarin and high flavonoid contents, diploid and triploid hybrid populations from crosses between diploid and tetraploid "Clemenules" clementine and diploid "Pink" pummelo were recovered and analyzed. With regard to furanocoumarins, triploids produce less bergapten, bergamottin and 6,7-DHB than diploids. Regarding flavonoids, triploids yielded more eriocitrin, narirutin, hesperidin and neohesperidin than diploids, whereas no differences were observed in neoeriocitrin and naringin. These results indicate that, the strategy to recover triploid hybrids by 4x × 2x crosses is more appropriate than the recovery of diploid hybrids by 2x × 2x crosses for obtaining grapefruit-like varieties of citrus with lower furanocoumarin and higher flavonoid contents.

Keywords: 6,7-dihydroxybergamottin; antioxidants; breeding; citrus; mandarin; naringin; pummelo; triploids.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Genetic analysis with mCrCIR02F12, MEST56, and Ci07C09 SSR markers of one diploid and one triploid hybrids with diploid and tetraploid “Clemenules” clementine as female parents and “Pink” pummelo as male parent, respectively. The size of each allele is in nucleotides (nt). (A) Diploid “Clemenules” clementine. (B) Tetraploid “Clemenules” clementine. (C) Diploid “Pink” pummelo. (D) Diploid hybrid n°13 recovered from Clem 2× × Pum 2× sexual hybridization. (E) Triploid hybrid n°30 recovered from Clem 4× × Pum 2× sexual hybridization.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Furanocoumarin contents (mg/L) of all the diploid (2x) and triploid (3x) hybrids and their parents in the three seasons analyzed. Average value of the three harvest times represented. No value indicates no fruit; therefore, FCs were not quantified. Diploid and triploid hybrids were ranked in ascending order according to their total furanocoumarin content.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Flavonoid contents (mg/L) of all the diploid (2x) and triploid (3x) hybrids and their parents in the three seasons analyzed. Average value of the three harvest times represented. No value indicates no fruit; therefore, flavonoids were not quantified. Diploid and triploid hybrids have been ranked in ascending order according to their total flavonoid content.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Factorial analysis of the FCs and flavonoid content for the three harvest times in the first season. (A) Furanocoumarins. (B) Narirutin and hesperidin flavonoids. (C) Naringin and neohesperidin flavonoids. 2x: diploid hybrids are colored green; 3x: triploid hybrids are colored red.
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