Understanding breast cancer heterogeneity through non-genetic heterogeneity

doi:10.1007/s12282-021-01237-w

Review

. 2021 Jul;28(4):777-791.

doi: 10.1007/s12282-021-01237-w. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

Understanding breast cancer heterogeneity through non-genetic heterogeneity

Neda Barzgar Barough^{1

2}, Fakhrosadat Sajjadian^{1

3}, Nazila Jalilzadeh^{1

4}, Hajar Shafaei², Kobra Velaei^{5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
² Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
³ Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
⁵ Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. kobravelaei@gmail.com.
⁶ Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. kobravelaei@gmail.com.

PMID: 33723745
DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01237-w

Review

Understanding breast cancer heterogeneity through non-genetic heterogeneity

Neda Barzgar Barough et al. Breast Cancer. 2021 Jul.

. 2021 Jul;28(4):777-791.

doi: 10.1007/s12282-021-01237-w. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

Authors

Neda Barzgar Barough^{1

2}, Fakhrosadat Sajjadian^{1

3}, Nazila Jalilzadeh^{1

4}, Hajar Shafaei², Kobra Velaei^{5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
² Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
³ Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
⁴ Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
⁵ Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. kobravelaei@gmail.com.
⁶ Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. kobravelaei@gmail.com.

PMID: 33723745
DOI: 10.1007/s12282-021-01237-w

Abstract

Intricacy in treatment and diagnosis of breast cancer has been an obstacle due to genotype and phenotype heterogeneity. Understanding of non-genetic heterogeneity mechanisms along with considering role of genetic heterogeneity may fill the gaps in landscape painting of heterogeneity. The main factors contribute to non-genetic heterogeneity including: transcriptional pulsing/bursting or discontinuous transcriptions, stochastic partitioning of components at cell division and various signal transduction from tumor ecosystem. Throughout this review, we desired to provide a conceptual framework focused on non-genetic heterogeneity, which has been intended to offer insight into prediction, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.

Keywords: Breast cancer; Heterogeneity; Non-genetic heterogeneity; Phenotype; Tumor microenvironment.

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References

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1. Cornwell JA, Hallett RM, Der MSA, Motazedian A, Schroeder T. Quantifying intrinsic and extrinsic control of single-cell fates in cancer and stem/progenitor cell pedigrees with competing risks analysis. Sci Rep. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27100 . - DOI - PubMed - PMC
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[1] Lee ATJ, Chew W, Wilding CP, Guljar N, Smith MJ, Strauss DC, et al. The adequacy of tissue microarrays in the assessment of inter- and intra-tumoural heterogeneity of infiltrating lymphocyte burden in leiomyosarcoma. Sci Rep. 2019;9:1–12.

[2] Lee ATJ, Chew W, Wilding CP, Guljar N, Smith MJ, Strauss DC, et al. The adequacy of tissue microarrays in the assessment of inter- and intra-tumoural heterogeneity of infiltrating lymphocyte burden in leiomyosarcoma. Sci Rep. 2019;9:1–12.

[3] Cornwell JA, Hallett RM, Der MSA, Motazedian A, Schroeder T. Quantifying intrinsic and extrinsic control of single-cell fates in cancer and stem/progenitor cell pedigrees with competing risks analysis. Sci Rep. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27100 . - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[4] Cornwell JA, Hallett RM, Der MSA, Motazedian A, Schroeder T. Quantifying intrinsic and extrinsic control of single-cell fates in cancer and stem/progenitor cell pedigrees with competing risks analysis. Sci Rep. 2016. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep27100 . - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[5] Kærn M, Elston TC, Blake WJ, Collins JJ. Stochasticity in gene expression: from theories to phenotypes. Nat Rev Genet. 2005;6:451–64. - PubMed

[6] Kærn M, Elston TC, Blake WJ, Collins JJ. Stochasticity in gene expression: from theories to phenotypes. Nat Rev Genet. 2005;6:451–64. - PubMed

[7] Thomas P. Intrinsic and extrinsic noise of gene expression in lineage trees. Sci Rep. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35927-x . - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[8] Thomas P. Intrinsic and extrinsic noise of gene expression in lineage trees. Sci Rep. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-35927-x . - DOI - PubMed - PMC

[9] Kwon T, Kwon O, Cha H, Sung BJ. Stochastic and heterogeneous cancer cell migration: experiment and theory. Sci Rep. 2019;9:1–13.

[10] Kwon T, Kwon O, Cha H, Sung BJ. Stochastic and heterogeneous cancer cell migration: experiment and theory. Sci Rep. 2019;9:1–13.

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Understanding breast cancer heterogeneity through non-genetic heterogeneity

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Understanding breast cancer heterogeneity through non-genetic heterogeneity

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