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Review
. 2021 Mar 16;23(4):48.
doi: 10.1007/s11912-021-01031-z.

Carcinoid Heart Disease: a Review

Faidon-Marios Laskaratos  1 , Joseph Davar  2 , Christos Toumpanakis  3
Affiliations
Review

Carcinoid Heart Disease: a Review

Faidon-Marios Laskaratos et al. Curr Oncol Rep. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: The development of carcinoid heart disease (CHD) is a fibrotic complication of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) which is associated with a poor prognosis. This review aims to summarise the clinical features, investigations and management of this condition.

Recent findings: CHD can affect up to 50% of NET patients with carcinoid syndrome. However, it is often not screened for appropriately and recognised late when patients become symptomatic. A screening strategy with biomarkers and multimodality imaging is necessary for early recognition. Management by an experienced multidisciplinary team with appropriate medical therapeutic strategies and where indicated surgical intervention is needed to optimise clinical outcomes. CHD is a poor prognostic factor, but recently, outcomes have improved due to the multidisciplinary approach and centralised care of CHD-NET patients.

Keywords: Carcinoid heart disease; Neuroendocrine neoplasm.

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References

Papers of particular interest, published recently, have been highlighted as: • Of importance •• Of major importance
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