Efficacy and Safety of Clinically Driven Low-Dose Treatment with Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Asians with Atrial Fibrillation: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Purpose: Although clinically driven low-dose (CDLD) treatment with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) is frequently administered to Asian patients with atrial fibrillation, clinical evidence confirming its efficacy remains insufficient. We evaluated the clinical efficacy and safety of CDLD treatment with DOACs compared to on-label dose treatment in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation and assessed the differences in the baseline characteristics between patients receiving these treatments.

Methods: We searched the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for articles from inception through July 2020.

Results: Thirteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. The baseline characteristics of the CDLD group were significantly different from those of the standard dose (STD) and standard low-dose (SLD) groups. The incidences of thromboembolic events (risk ratio [RR] 0.46, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.29-0.73, p < 0.001) and major bleeding (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.35-0.87, p = 0.01) in the CDLD group were lower than those in the SLD group; however, they were comparable with those in the STD group. The incidence of a composite endpoint in the CDLD group was not significantly different from that in the STD group but was significantly lower than that in the SLD group (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.38-0.65, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: The clinical outcomes of CDLD treatment showed no difference compared to those of the STD treatment despite the vulnerable baseline characteristics of the CDLD group for thromboembolic and major bleeding events.

Keywords: Asian patients; Atrial fibrillation; Bleeding; Direct oral anticoagulants; Thromboembolism.