The profile of autoimmunity in Type 1 diabetes patients
- PMID: 33727507
- PMCID: PMC8102891
- DOI: 10.4103/aam.aam_8_20
The profile of autoimmunity in Type 1 diabetes patients
Abstract
Background: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder caused by pancreatic β-cells destruction. Anti-pancreatic antibodies are the witness of β-cell destruction and their dosage is mainly used for etiological diagnosis. Patients with T1DM are at increased risk of developing other autoimmune reactions, which may involve other organs, resulting in organ specific autoimmune disease. The most frequently encountered are autoimmune thyroid disease, followed by celiac and gastric disease and other rare autoimmune diseases.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of autoimmune markers in patients with T1DM.
Methods: The study was conducted at the Department of Endocrinology of the Military Hospital Moulay Ismail in Meknes Morocco, from January 2016 to December 2018. All Type 1 diabetes patients consulting during the study period were included in the study. Their clinical and biochemical data were collected at their first presentation, made up of anti-pancreatic antibodies (glutamic acid decarboxylase [GAD] antibody, tyrosine phosphatase antibody, and islet cell antibody) and other organ-specific antibodies: the thyroid (antithyroid peroxidase antibody, antithyroglobulin antibody, and antithyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody), the intestine (IgA antitissue transglutaminase antibody), the adrenal gland (anti-21 hydroxylase antibody), and the stomach (antigastric parietal cell antibody and anti-intrinsic factor antibody).
Results: Fifty-four patients were included, with an average age of 26 years. GAD, tyrosine phosphatase, and islet cell antibodies were detected in 74%, 22%, and 3.7%, respectively, of the 54 patients examined. The prevalence of extrapancreatic autoimmunity was 45% with a large preponderance among different immunities of those from thyroid and celiac diseases (CDs).
Conclusion: Our results confirm that patients with Type 1 diabetes should be investigated for the presence of autoimmune diseases mainly from thyroid and CDs.
RésuméContexte: Le diabète sucré de type 1 est une maladie auto-immune causée par la destruction des cellules bêta pancréatiques. Les anticorps anti-pancréatiques sont les témoins d'une destruction des cellules β et leur dosage est principalement utilisé pour le diagnostic étiologique. Les patients atteints de diabète de type 1 courent un risque accru de développer d'autres réactions auto-immunes, qui peuvent impliquer d'autres organes, entraînant une maladie auto-immune spécifique à l'organe. Les plus souvent rencontrées sont les maladies thyroïdiennes auto-immunes, suivies des maladies cœliaques et gastriques et d'autres maladies auto-immunes rares. Objectifs: Le but de ce travail est d'étudier la prévalence des marqueurs auto-immunes chez les patients atteints de diabète de type 1. Méthodes: L'étude a été menée au Département d'Endocrinologie de l'Hôpital Militaire Moulay Ismail à Meknès Maroc, de janvier 2016 à décembre 2018. Tous les patients diabétiques de type 1 consultant pendant la période d'étude ont été inclus dans l'étude. Leurs données cliniques et biochimiques ont été recueillies à leur première présentation, composées d'anticorps anti-pancréatiques (anticorps anti acide-glutamique décarboxylase, anticorps anti-tyrosine phosphatase, et les anticorps anti-cellules des îlots de langerhans) et d'autres anticorps spécifiques à certains organes: la thyroïde (anticorps anti-thyroperoxydase, anticorps anti-thyréoglobuline et anticorps anti-récepteur de thyroid stimulating hormon), l'intestin (anticorps anti-transglutaminase IgA), la glande surrénale (anticorps anti-21hydroxylase) et l'estomac (anticorps anti-cellules pariétales gastrique et anticorps anti-facteur intrinsèque). Résultats: 54 patients ont été inclus, avec un âge moyen de 26 ans. Les anticorps anti- acide-glutamique décarboxylase, les anticorps anti-tyrosine phosphatase et les anticorps anti-cellules des îlots de langerhans ont été détectés dans 74%, 22% et 3,7%, respectivement, des 54 patients examinés. La prévalence de l'auto-immunité extrapancréatique était de 45% avec une grande prépondérance parmi les différentes pathologies auto-immunes de ceux des maladies thyroïdiennes et cœliaques. Conclusion: Nos résultats confirment que les patients atteints de diabète de type 1 devraient bénéficier de la recherche de la présence d'autres maladies auto-immunes principalement de la thyroïde et la maladie cœliaque.
Keywords: Autoimmunity; celiac disease; thyroiditis; type 1 diabetes.
Conflict of interest statement
None
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