Nano-formulation of herbo-mineral alternative medicine from linga chenduram and evaluation of antiviral efficacy

Abstract

Traditional medicine is becoming a primary source of health care in many countries in recent years. The current study proposes a new dimension of understanding a traditional origin treatment, using herbo-mineral preparations in nanoform. The herbo-mineral preparation, Linga chenduram [HMLC], was prepared according to the ancient palm script protocol dates back to 1000 years. In search of alternative therapy for the coronavirus, an attempt was made to determine this ethnic medicine formulation's therapeutic potential for viral hepatitis infection. The Hepatitis C virus [HCV] has several genomic similarities with SARS-CoV-2 viruses. The herbo-mineral formulation (HMLC) were analyzed using UV-vis, EDAX, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and TEM studies. SEM images confirmed the ' presence of nanoparticles with agglomerated conditions having an average grain size of 18 to 25 nm. EDAX studies showed the presence of metallic components in oxide or sulfide form in HMLC. The HCV inhibitory effects of HMLC indicated a good response. The cytotoxicity of this preparation against the Huh-7 human hepatoma cell line was significant. The HMLC showed a strong inhibitory effect on HCV replication in a dose-dependent manner. The genomic component of HCV is similar to COVID -19 virus. The Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease has a striking three-dimensional structural similarity to the SARS-CoV2 M^pro protease, particularly in the arrangement of key active site residues. So HMLC can be tried to treat coronavirus infection. At higher concentrations, HMLC exhibited over 100-fold inhibition. In the MTT assay, HMLC did not show any apparent cytotoxic effect on cell viability at the concentrations 1-100 µg. Histological studies indicated that the liver and kidney did not experience any toxicity by 7 and 15 consecutive days of administration of HMLC on experimental Wistar rats. Hence, the HMLC can be tried as a therapy for COVID -19 infections using the preparations strictly according to ethnopharmacological protocol and optimum doses.

Keywords: Ethnopharmacology; HCV; Herbo-mineral nanomedicines; Lingachenduram; SARS-CoV2.

Fig. 1

U.V. Spectrum of HM LC.

Fig. 2

XRD pattern of HMLC.

Fig. 3

Confirming the elemental composition of HMLC by SEM.

Fig. 4

Functional groups analysis of HMLC using FTIR.

Fig. 5

Confirming the presence of nanoparticlesof HMLC by TEM.

Fig. 6

Anti-HCV activity of HMLC showing the dose-dependent inhibition of HCV replication.

Fig. 7

The cytotoxic effects of HM LC on human hematoma cells (Huh-7) determined by the MTT assay. Huh-7 cells were exposed to L.C. (1–100 µg) for 24 h.

Fig. 8

Photo micrograph showing the histology of control Wister rat liver and treated with LC-1 and LC-2.

Fig. 9

Photo micrograph showing the histology of control Wister rat kidney and treated with LC-1 and LC-2.