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. 2021 Mar 18;11(1):6379.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85532-8.

Novel magnetically retrievable In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4 nanocomposite materials for enhanced photocatalytic performance

Sauvik Raha  1 , Md Ahmaruzzaman  2
Affiliations

Novel magnetically retrievable In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4 nanocomposite materials for enhanced photocatalytic performance

Sauvik Raha et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

The current work involves synthesis of hybrid nanomaterial of In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4 and their applications as photocatalysts for disintegration of esomeprazole under visible light illumination. The data emerged from various analyses testified to the successful construction of the desired nano-scaled hybrid photocatalyst. Tauc plot gave the band gap of In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4 to be ~ 2.15 eV. Synergistic effects of the integrant components enabled efficacious photocatalytic performances of the nanocomposite. The nanohybrid photocatalyst In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4 showed photodecomposition up to ~ 92.92% within 50 min. The current work realizes its objective of constructing metal oxide based hybrid nano-photocatalyst supported on MoS2 sheets for activity in the visible spectrum, which displayed remarkable capacity of disintegrating emerging persistent organic contaminants and are magnetically recoverable.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
XRD patterns of different samples of In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4, In2O3/Fe3O4, In2O3, MoS2 and Fe3O4.
Figure 2
Figure 2
TEM (a,b) micrographs, HRTEM (c) micrograph and SAED patterns (d) of In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) XPS survey spectrum of In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4, HR-XPS spectra of (b) In, (c) Fe, (d) O, (e) Mo and (f) S in In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4.
Figure 4
Figure 4
(a) EDAX spectrum of In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4. (b), (c) and (d) SEM micrographs of In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) UV–visible absorbance spectra of the various nanomaterials with an inset showing their respective Tauc’s plot for calculation of band gaps and (b,c,d) Photoluminiscence graphs.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Magnetic hysteresis curves of (a) Fe3O4 and (b) In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4.
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Photodegradation dynamic curves of esomeprazole at different catalyst loading In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4 and (b) its corresponding kinetics. (c) Photodegradation dynamic curves of esomeprazole at different esomeprazole concentration loading over /MoS2/Fe3O4 and (d) its corresponding kinetics. (e) Photodegradation dynamic curves of esomeprazole at different pH over In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4 and (f) its corresponding kinetics.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) Photodegradation dynamic curves of esomeprazole and (b) kinetics for different catalysts. (c) Photodegradation dynamic curves of esomeprazole at different H2O2 doses over In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4 and (d) its corresponding kinetics. (e) Plot of TOC/TOC0 vs. time. (f) Plot of COD/COD0 vs. time.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) Photodegradation dynamic curves of esomeprazole for five consecutive runs over In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4 and (b) its corresponding kinetics.
Figure 10
Figure 10
XRD pattern for fresh and recycled In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4.
Figure 11
Figure 11
Effect of scavengers on photodegradation.
Figure 12
Figure 12
Schematic diagram of the plausible mechanism of degradation.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Plausible disintegration pathway of esomeprazole.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Photodegradation dynamic curves of esomeprazole in presence of different concentrations of (a) chloride, (b) sulfate and (c) bicarbonate over In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4. (d) Photodegradation dynamic curves of esomeprazole in presence of different cations over In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4.
Figure 15
Figure 15
Photodegradation dynamic curves of esomeprazole in presence of different organic acids over In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4.
Figure 16
Figure 16
Photodegradation dynamic curves of esomeprazole photodegradation in presence of different concentrations of (a) acetone, (b) HAS and (c) SDS over In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4. Photodegradation dynamic curves of esomeprazole photodegradation in different water matrices over In2O3/MoS2/Fe3O4.
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