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. 2021 Mar 18;11(1):6296.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-85832-z.

Algal magnetic nickel oxide nanocatalyst in accelerated synthesis of pyridopyrimidine derivatives

Javad Moavi  1 , Foad Buazar  2 , Mohammad Hosein Sayahi  3
Affiliations

Algal magnetic nickel oxide nanocatalyst in accelerated synthesis of pyridopyrimidine derivatives

Javad Moavi et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

This research presents a novel biological route for the biosynthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) using marine macroalgae extract as a reducing and coating agent under optimized synthesis conditions. XRD and TEM analyses revealed that phytosynthesized NiO NPs are crystalline in nature with a spherical shape having a mean particle size of 32.64 nm. TGA results indicated the presence of marine-derived organic constituents on the surface of NiO NPs. It is found that biogenic NiO NPs with BET surface area of 45.59 m2g-1 is a highly efficient catalyst for benign one-pot preparation of pyridopyrimidine derivatives using aqueous reaction conditions. This environmentally friendly procedure takes considerable advantages of shorter reaction times, excellent product yields (up to 96%), magnetically viable nanocatalyst (7 runs), low catalyst loadings, and free toxic chemical reagents.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Selected pyridopyrimidine compounds with pharmaceutical properties.
Figure 1
Figure 1
UV–visible spectra of (a) organic seaweed extract, and (b) optimization of biogenic NiO NPs as a function of time.
Figure 2
Figure 2
XRD pattern and crystal data of biosynthesized NiO NPs using red marine algae extract.
Figure 3
Figure 3
(a) The TEM image at 60.000 KX magnification, (b) EDX analysis, and (c) histogram of particle size distribution of algal NiO NPs.
Figure 4
Figure 4
FTIR spectra of marine algae-mediated synthesized NiO NPs.
Figure. 5
Figure. 5
TGA curve of green NiO NPs using marine red algae extract.
Figure 6
Figure 6
VSM magnetization curve of algal NiO NPs.
Figure 7
Figure 7
BET nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm of algal NiO nanocatalyst.
Scheme 2
Scheme 2
Synthesis of pyridopyrimidine derivatives 4a-j catalyzed by biogenic NiO NPs via a four-component reaction.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) Reusability and (b) TEM image of recovered algal NiO nanocatalyst in the synthesis of 5 g in water.
Scheme 3
Scheme 3
A proposed mechanism for the fabrication of pyridopyrimidine derivatives on the surface of biogenic NiO nanocatalyst.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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