Prevalence and socioeconomic burden of diabetes mellitus in South Korean adults: a population-based study using administrative data

Abstract

Background: Diabetes leads to severe complications and imposes health and financial burdens on the society. However, currently existing domestic public health studies of diabetes in South Korea mainly focus on prevalence, and data on the nationwide burden of diabetes in South Korea are lacking. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence and economic burden of diabetes imposed on the South Korean society.

Methods: A prevalence-based cost-of-illness study was conducted using the Korean national claims database. Adult diabetic patients were defined as those aged ≥20 years with claim records containing diagnostic codes for diabetes (E10-E14) during at least two outpatient visits or one hospitalization. Direct costs included medical costs for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and transportation costs. Indirect costs included productivity loss costs due to morbidity and premature death and caregivers' costs. Subgroup analyses were conducted according to the type of diabetes, age (< 65 vs. ≥65), diabetes medication, experience of hospitalization, and presence of diabetic complications or related comorbidities.

Results: A total of 4,472,133 patients were diagnosed with diabetes in Korea in 2017. The average annual prevalence of diabetes was estimated at 10.7%. The diabetes-related economic burden was USD 18,293 million, with an average per capita cost of USD 4090 in 2019. Medical costs accounted for the biggest portion of the total cost (69.5%), followed by productivity loss costs (17.9%), caregivers' costs (10.2%), and transportation costs (2.4%). According to subgroup analyses, type 2 diabetes, presence of diabetic complications or related comorbidities, diabetes medication, and hospitalization represented the biggest portion of the economic burden for diabetes. As the number of complications increased from one to three or more, the per capita cost increased from USD 3991 to USD 11,965. In inpatient settings, the per capita cost was ~ 10.8 times higher than that of outpatient settings.

Conclusions: South Korea has a slightly high prevalence and economic burden of diabetes. These findings highlight the need for effective strategies to manage diabetic patients and suggest that policy makers allocate more health care resources to diabetes. This is the first study on this topic, conducted using a nationally representative claims database in South Korea.

Keywords: Cost-of-illness; Diabetes mellitus; Economic burden; Prevalence; South Korea.

Fig. 1

Age- and gender-specific prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Korean adults aged 20 years and older

Fig. 2

Total annual costs by subgroup in 2019. a Total cost (unit: million USD) according to subgroups 1–3. b Per capita cost (unit: USD) according to Subgroups 1–3. Per capita cost for base case (total diabetes patients) was USD 4090. subgroup 1 = age group (< 65 vs. ≥65), subgroup 2 = use of diabetes medication (medication vs. no medication), subgroup 3 = experience of hospitalization (inpatient vs. outpatient settings)