A Sleep Hygiene Intervention to Improve Sleep Quality for Hospitalized Patients

Abstract

Introduction: Poor sleep is a pervasive problem for hospitalized patients and can contribute to adverse health outcomes.

Methods: We aimed to improve self-reported sleep for patients on a general medicine ward as measured by the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) as well as the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) question addressing quietness at night. We utilized a non-pharmacologic sleep hygiene bundle composed of a short script with sleep hygiene prompts, such as whether patients would like the shades closed or the lights turned off, as well as a sleep package including an eye mask, earplugs, lavender scent pad, and non-caffeinated tea. Relaxing music was played at bedtime and signs promoting the importance of quietness at night were placed around the unit. Front-line champions were identified to aid with implementation.

Results: A total of 931 patients received the intervention. In a sample of surveyed patients, we observed an increase in the RCSQ global score from 6.0 (IQR 3.0-7.0) to 6.2 (IQR 4.0-7.8) from the pre- to post- intervention periods (p = 0.041), as well as increases in three of the five individual survey components. Additionally, HCAHPS "quietness at night" score increased on the unit from 34.1% pre-intervention to 42.5% post-intervention.

Conclusion: A nonpharmacologic sleep hygiene protocol paired with provider education and use of champions was associated with modest improvements in patients' perceived sleep and unit HCAHPS scores.