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. 2022 Mar;28(3):292-299.
doi: 10.1017/S1355617721000291. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Prognostic Value of Learning and Retention Measures from the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test to Identify Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment

Ellen Grober  1 , Cuiling Wang  1 , Melissa Kitner-Triolo  2 , Richard B Lipton  1 , Claudia Kawas  3 , Susan M Resnick  2
Affiliations

Prognostic Value of Learning and Retention Measures from the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test to Identify Incident Mild Cognitive Impairment

Ellen Grober et al. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2022 Mar.

Abstract

Objective: To compare the predictive validity of learning and retention measures from the picture version of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test with Immediate Recall (pFCSRT + IR) for identifying incident mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Methods: Learning was defined by the sum of free recall (FR) and retention by delayed free recall (DFR) tested 15-20 min later. Totally, 1422 Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA) participants (mean age 69.6 years, 54% male, mean 16.7 years of education) without dementia or MCI received the pFCSRT + IR at baseline and were followed longitudinally. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the effect of baseline learning and retention on risk of MCI.

Results: In total, 187 participants developed MCI over a median of 8.1 years of follow-up. FR and DFR each predicted incident MCI adjusting for age, sex, and education. Also, each independently predicted incident MCI in the presence of the other with similar effect sizes: around 20% decrease in the hazard of MCI corresponding to one standard deviation increase in FR or DFR.

Conclusion: The practice of preferring retention over learning to predict incident MCI should be reconsidered. The decision to include retention should be guided by time constraints and patient burden.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test; Memory disorders; Mild cognitive impairment; Preclinical dementia; Prospective studies; Retention; Verbal learning.

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Figure:
Kaplan-Meier curves for incident MCI by FR and DFR.
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