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. 2021 Feb 22:20:444-453.
doi: 10.17179/excli2021-3403. eCollection 2021.

Diabetes is associated with higher mortality and severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Fatemeh Moghaddam Tabrizi  1   2 , Yousef Rasmi  3   4 , Elyas Hosseinzadeh  5 , Sakineh Rezaei  6 , Mohadeseh Balvardi  7 , Mohammad Reza Kouchari  6 , Ghasem Ebrahimi  8
Affiliations

Diabetes is associated with higher mortality and severity in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Fatemeh Moghaddam Tabrizi et al. EXCLI J. .

Abstract

As a novel cause of pneumonia, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly progressed worldwide. Previous studies have indicated COVID-19 patients with diabetes show higher mortality rates and more severe COVID-19 infection with an increased requirement for intensive care and hospital length of stay (LOS) compared to non-diabetic patients. The present study aimed to investigate the association of diabetes and COVID-19 outcome with severity of disease in hospitalized patients. The present case-control study included 268 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who were hospitalized in Ayatollah Khoyi Hospital, Khoy, Iran. Diabetes was identified based on medical history and/or criteria of published documents. Out of 268 patients (median age of 59 years; 53.4 % male), 127 patients had diabetes (47 %). Diabetic patients had remarkably higher mortality rates (adjusted odds ratio, aOR: 3.36; confidence interval, CI: 1.17-9.66), requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) (aOR: 4.59; CI: 1.38-15.25), and LOS (aOR: 1.13; CI: 1.06-1.24) compared to patients without diabetes. Inflammatory biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were increased in patients with diabetes compared to non-diabetic patients (P < 0.05 for all the comparisons). In hospitalized patients with COVID-19, diabetes was correlated with increased disease severity and mortality.

Keywords: COVID-19; comorbidity; diabetes; inflammation; mortality.

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Figures

Table 1
Table 1. Comparison of clinical characteristics between diabetic and non-diabetic patients with COVID-19
Table 2
Table 2. In-hospital management of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with or without diabetes
Table 3
Table 3. Multivariable analyses, patients with diabetes vs. patients without diabetes
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