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Review
. 2021 Mar 4:12:640182.
doi: 10.3389/fphar.2021.640182. eCollection 2021.

Nano-Medicine in the Cardiovascular System

Danielle Pretorius  1   2 , Vahid Serpooshan  3 , Jianyi Zhang  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Nano-Medicine in the Cardiovascular System

Danielle Pretorius et al. Front Pharmacol. .

Abstract

Nano-medicines that include nanoparticles, nanocomposites, small molecules, and exosomes represent new viable sources for future therapies for the dysfunction of cardiovascular system, as well as the other important organ systems. Nanomaterials possess special properties ranging from their intrinsic physicochemical properties, surface energy and surface topographies which can illicit advantageous cellular responses within the cardiovascular system, making them exceptionally valuable in future clinical translation applications. The success of nano-medicines as future cardiovascular theranostic agents requires a comprehensive understanding of the intersection between nanomaterial and the biomedical fields. In this review, we highlight some of the major types of nano-medicine systems that are currently being explored in the cardiac field. This review focusses on the major differences between the systems, and how these differences affect the specific therapeutic or diagnostic applications. The important concerns relevant to cardiac nano-medicines, including cellular responses, toxicity of the different nanomaterials, as well as cardio-protective and regenerative capabilities are discussed. In this review an overview of the current development of nano-medicines specific to the cardiac field is provided, discussing the diverse nature and applications of nanomaterials as therapeutic and diagnostic agents.

Keywords: cardiac nano-medicine; cardio-protective nanoparticles; diagnostic nanoparticles; regenerative exosomes; therapeutic nanoparticles.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
PLGA degradation byproduct. PLGA hydrolysis releases glycolate, lactate and H+. Image adapted from Chereddy et al. (2018).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
In vivo restoration of myocardial conduction with CNTfs. Conductive CNTfs sutured across a blocked area can significantly decrease conduction time to near-normal values. Image adapted from McCauley et al. (2019).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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