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. 2021 Mar 5:12:598035.
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.598035. eCollection 2021.

Sarcopenia in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yingying Cai  1   2 , Fei Feng  1 , Qianqian Wei  1 , Zheng Jiang  1 , Ruwei Ou  1 , Huifang Shang  1
Affiliations

Sarcopenia in Patients With Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yingying Cai et al. Front Neurol. .

Abstract

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) and sarcopenia are two common diseases in aging people. To date, the prevalence of sarcopenia in PD patients and the relationship between clinical features and sarcopenia in PD patients are not clear. The aim of the study was to (1) assess the prevalence of sarcopenia in PD patients and (2) reveal the clinical features between PD patients with and without sarcopenia. Method: A systematic review was carried out through screening PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane database in May 2020. All study designs (case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies) were eligible for meta-analysis. Data of patients' characteristics, sarcopenia criteria, sarcopenia prevalence, and sarcopenia measures were retrieved. The primary outcome was estimated prevalence of sarcopenia by a pooled prevalence (%) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), using a random-effects model. The secondary outcome was the differences in clinical features between PD patients with and without sarcopenia by meta-analysis. Included articles were assessed for risk of bias. Potential sources of variation were investigated by using subgroup analyses and meta-regression. Result: Ten studies were included in the review. Among them, nine were cross-sectional studies, and one was a prospective cohort study. Age of participants with PD in the studies ranged from 51.1 to 80.7 years. The estimated prevalence of sarcopenia ranged from 6 to 55.5%. The random-effects pooled prevalence was 29% (95% CIs: 0.18-0.40). When only studies at low risk of bias were considered, pooled prevalence decreased to 17% (95% CIs: 0.02-0.33), with still high heterogeneity. The incidence of falls in PD patients with sarcopenia was higher than that in PD patients without sarcopenia. There was no difference in sex ratio between PD patients with and without sarcopenia. Conclusion: Sarcopenia seems to be common in patients with PD. Early assessment of sarcopenia should be implemented in PD to avoid fall and disability.

Keywords: Parkinson's disease; fall; meta-analysis; prevalence; sarcopenia; systematic review.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
PRISMA flowchart of included studies.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot of the prevalence (%) of sarcopenia in subjects with PD. Subgroup by risk of bias. Random-effects analysis. High risk studies are those at high risk of bias on either domain of the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Moderate risk studies are those at either moderate risk of bias on both domains or moderate in one and low in the other. Low risk studies are those at low risk of bias on both domains of the QUIPS tool. PD, Parkinson's disease.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Meta-analysis estimates, given name of the study is omitted.
Figure 4
Figure 4
PD with sarcopenia vs. PD without sarcopenia: % fall. PD, Parkinson's disease; Sar, sarcopenia.
Figure 5
Figure 5
PD with sarcopenia vs. PD without sarcopenia: % female. PD, Parkinson's disease; Sar, sarcopenia.
Figure 6
Figure 6
PD with sarcopenia vs. PD without sarcopenia: % male. PD, Parkinson's disease; Sar, sarcopenia.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Funnel plot of the prevalence (%) of sarcopenia in subjects with PD. p, prevalence; s.e., standard error; PD, Parkinson's disease.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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