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. 2021 Mar 11;7(3):e06466.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06466. eCollection 2021 Mar.

Sleep deprivation induces oxidative stress in the liver and pancreas in young and aging rats

Karina Hernández Santiago  1 , Ana Laura López-López  2 , Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz  3 , José Luis Cortés Altamirano  4 , Alfonso Alfaro-Rodríguez  4 , Herlinda Bonilla-Jaime  5
Affiliations

Sleep deprivation induces oxidative stress in the liver and pancreas in young and aging rats

Karina Hernández Santiago et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

The aging process is characterized by a gradual impairment generally caused by oxidative stress and, more specifically, sleep deprivation, which induces oxidative stress in the brain. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of three types of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD): 96 h of PSD (96PSD group); 192 h of PSD (192PSD group); 192 h of PSD followed by a recovery period of 20 days (192PSD + Recovery group) on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities in the liver and pancreas of young (3-month-old) and adult (14-month-old) rats. The 96PSD and 192PSD groups of young rats showed lower glucose levels on the OGTT than the control group. In the adult rats, only the 96PSD group had lower glucose levels than the control group. However, the areas under the curve for the young and adult 192 and 192PSD + Recovery groups showed significant differences. Both LPO and SOD increased in the 192PSD and 192PSD + Recovery groups, but CAT decreased in the liver of young rats in the 192PSD group. Regarding the pancreas, LPO and SOD levels increased after 96 h of PSD. In adult animals, CAT decreased in the liver after 96 and 192 h of PSD, while LPO and SOD increased in the pancreas of the 192PSD and PSD + Recovery groups. Differences in the SOD and CAT activities in the liver and SOD activities in the pancreas were also observed between the young and adult rats and maintained across all the PSD groups. In conclusion, PSD induced differential responses that appeared to depend on the duration of the induced condition, the animals' age, and the tissue analyzed. It was found that adult rats were more susceptible to the effects of PSD than young rats.

Keywords: Aging process; Glucose; Liver; Oxidative stress; Pancreas; Sleep deprivation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Glucose tolerance test (A) and area under the curve (B) for young and adult rats with different durations of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and PSD followed by a recovery period. Young rats show hypoglycemia in the 192 and 192PSD + Recovery groups, whereas the adult rats only show baseline hypoglycemia in the 96PSD group. However, the areas under the curve for the young and adult rats show significant differences between the 192 and 192PSD + Recovery groups. Values are presented as mean ± SEM. t-Students. (n = 5). ∗Significant differences compared with its control. + Significant differences compared with the control in 14-month-old animals.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Effect of different periods of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and PSD + Recovery treatments on the levels of lipoperoxides (LPO) in the liver (A) and pancreas (B) in young and adult rats. The 192 and 192 PSD + R groups show an increase in LPQ in young rats; in the adult rats, the increase is observed in the 96 and 192 PSD + R groups. Values are presented as mean ± SEM. ANOVA followed by Newman Keuls tests (n = 5): ∗ Significant differences compared with the controls in 3-month-old animals. + Significant difference compared with the controls in 14-month-old animals.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Effect of different periods of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and PSD + Recovery on the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver (A) and pancreas (B) in young and adult rats. PSD for 192 h and 192 h followed by a recovery period increases SOD activity in the liver and pancreas of young and adult rats. Values are presented as mean ± SEM. ANOVA followed by Newman Keuls tests (n = 5): ∗Significant differences compared with the controls in young animals. +Significant differences compared with the control in adults.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effect of different periods of paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) and PSD + Recovery on the enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) in the liver (A) and pancreas (B) of young and adult rats. CAT activity only decreases in rats subjected to 192 h of PSD. Values are presented as mean ± SEM. ANOVA followed by the Newman Keuls test (n = 5): ∗Significant differences compared with the controls in young animals. +Significant differences compared to the control in young rats.
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