Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets

Merel C Postema¹, Martine Hoogman^{2

3}, Sara Ambrosino⁴, Philip Asherson⁵, Tobias Banaschewski⁶, Cibele E Bandeira^{7

8}, Alexandr Baranov⁹, Claiton H D Bau^{7

8

10}, Sarah Baumeister⁶, Ramona Baur-Streubel¹¹, Mark A Bellgrove¹², Joseph Biederman^{13

14}, Janita Bralten^{2

3}, Daniel Brandeis^{15

16}, Silvia Brem^{16

15}, Jan K Buitelaar^{17

18}, Geraldo F Busatto¹⁹, Francisco X Castellanos^{20

21}, Mara Cercignani²², Tiffany M Chaim-Avancini¹⁹, Kaylita C Chantiluke²³, Anastasia Christakou^{23

24}, David Coghill^{25

26}, Annette Conzelmann^{27

28}, Ana I Cubillo²³, Renata B Cupertino^{7

8}, Patrick de Zeeuw²⁹, Alysa E Doyle^{14

30}, Sarah Durston²⁹, Eric A Earl³¹, Jeffery N Epstein^{32

33}, Thomas Ethofer³⁴, Damien A Fair³¹, Andreas J Fallgatter^{35

36}, Stephen V Faraone³⁷, Thomas Frodl^{38

39}, Matt C Gabel²², Tinatin Gogberashvili⁴⁰, Eugenio H Grevet^{7

8

10}, Jan Haavik^{41

42}, Neil A Harrison^{22

43}, Catharina A Hartman⁴⁴, Dirk J Heslenfeld⁴⁵, Pieter J Hoekstra⁴⁶, Sarah Hohmann⁶, Marie F Høvik^{42

47}, Terry L Jernigan⁴⁸, Bernd Kardatzki⁴⁹, Georgii Karkashadze⁹, Clare Kelly^{50

51}, Gregor Kohls⁵², Kerstin Konrad^{52

53}, Jonna Kuntsi⁵, Luisa Lazaro^{54

55}, Sara Lera-Miguel⁵⁶, Klaus-Peter Lesch^{57

58

59}, Mario R Louza⁶⁰, Astri J Lundervold^{41

61}, Charles B Malpas^{62

63}, Paulo Mattos^{64

65}, Hazel McCarthy^{39

66}, Leyla Namazova-Baranova^{9

67}, Rosa Nicolau⁶⁸, Joel T Nigg^{31

69}, Stephanie E Novotny⁷⁰, Eileen Oberwelland Weiss^{71

72}, Ruth L O'Gorman Tuura^{73

74}, Jaap Oosterlaan^{75

76}, Bob Oranje²⁹, Yannis Paloyelis⁷⁷, Paul Pauli⁷⁸, Felipe A Picon⁷, Kerstin J Plessen^{79

80}, J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga^{81

82

83

84}, Andreas Reif⁸⁵, Liesbeth Reneman⁸⁶, Pedro G P Rosa¹⁹, Katya Rubia²³, Anouk Schrantee⁸⁷, Lizanne J S Schweren⁴⁴, Jochen Seitz⁸⁸, Philip Shaw⁸⁹, Tim J Silk^{90

91}, Norbert Skokauskas^{92

93}, Juan C Soliva Vila⁹⁴, Michael C Stevens^{70

95}, Gustavo Sudre⁹⁶, Leanne Tamm^{97

98}, Fernanda Tovar-Moll^{64

99}, Theo G M van Erp^{100

101}, Alasdair Vance¹⁰², Oscar Vilarroya^{94

103}, Yolanda Vives-Gilabert¹⁰⁴, Georg G von Polier^{88

105}, Susanne Walitza¹⁵, Yuliya N Yoncheva¹⁰⁶, Marcus V Zanetti^{107

108}, Georg C Ziegler⁵⁷, David C Glahn^{70

109}, Neda Jahanshad¹¹⁰, Sarah E Medland¹¹¹; ENIGMA ADHD Working Group; Paul M Thompson¹¹², Simon E Fisher^{1

3}, Barbara Franke^{2

3

113}, Clyde Francks^{1

3}

Affiliations

¹ Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
² Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
³ Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
⁴ NICHE lab, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
⁵ Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
⁶ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
⁷ Adulthood ADHD Outpatient Program (ProDAH), Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
⁸ Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
⁹ Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
¹⁰ Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
¹¹ Department of Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
¹² Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
¹³ Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
¹⁶ The Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
¹⁷ Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
¹⁸ Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
¹⁹ Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
²⁰ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
²¹ Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
²² Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK.
²³ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
²⁴ School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
²⁵ Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
²⁶ Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
²⁷ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
²⁸ Department of Psychology (Clinical Psychology II), PFH - Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
²⁹ NICHE Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
³⁰ Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
³¹ Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
³² Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
³³ Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
³⁴ Clinic for Psychiatry/Psychotherapy Tübingen/Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Tübingen, Germany.
³⁵ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
³⁶ LEAD Graduate School, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.
³⁷ Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
³⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
³⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
⁴⁰ Laboratory of Neurology and Cognitive Health, National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russia.
⁴¹ Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
⁴² Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
⁴³ Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Swandean, East Sussex, UK.
⁴⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
⁴⁵ Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴⁶ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
⁴⁷ Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
⁴⁸ Center for Human Development, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁴⁹ Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
⁵⁰ School of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry at the School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
⁵¹ Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
⁵² Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany.
⁵³ JARA Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11), Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
⁵⁴ Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
⁵⁵ Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵⁶ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciencies, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵⁷ Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
⁵⁸ Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
⁵⁹ Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
⁶⁰ Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁶¹ Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
⁶² Developmental Imaging Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
⁶³ Clinical Outcomes Research Unit (CORe), Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
⁶⁴ D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁶⁵ Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁶⁶ Centre of Advanced Medical Imaging, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
⁶⁷ Russian National Research Medical University Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
⁶⁸ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut of Neurosciencies, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
⁶⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
⁷⁰ Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA.
⁷¹ Translational Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
⁷² Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
⁷³ Center for MR Research, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
⁷⁴ Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Zurich, Switzerland.
⁷⁵ Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁷⁶ Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁷⁷ Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
⁷⁸ Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy) and Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
⁷⁹ Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Capital Region Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁸⁰ Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
⁸¹ Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
⁸² Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
⁸³ Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
⁸⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
⁸⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
⁸⁶ Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁸⁷ Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁸⁸ Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
⁸⁹ National Human Genome Research Institute and National Institute of Mental health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁹⁰ School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia.
⁹¹ Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Developmental Imaging, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
⁹² Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
⁹³ Institute of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
⁹⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁹⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁹⁶ National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁹⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
⁹⁸ College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
⁹⁹ Morphological Sciences Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
¹⁰⁰ Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
¹⁰¹ Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
¹⁰² Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
¹⁰³ Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁰⁴ Instituto ITACA, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain.
¹⁰⁵ Brain and Behavior (INM-7), Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
¹⁰⁶ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Child Study Center, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA.
¹⁰⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
¹⁰⁸ Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.
¹⁰⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
¹¹⁰ Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
¹¹¹ Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
¹¹² Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
¹¹³ Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

PMID: 33748971
PMCID: PMC8455726
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13396

Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets

Merel C Postema et al. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2021 Oct.

. 2021 Oct;62(10):1202-1219.

doi: 10.1111/jcpp.13396. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
² Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
³ Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
⁴ NICHE lab, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht Brain Center, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
⁵ Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
⁶ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
⁷ Adulthood ADHD Outpatient Program (ProDAH), Clinical Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
⁸ Department of Genetics, Institute of Biosciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
⁹ Research Institute of Pediatrics and Child Health of Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
¹⁰ Developmental Psychiatry Program, Experimental Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
¹¹ Department of Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
¹² Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
¹³ Clinical and Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Adult ADHD, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
¹⁶ The Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
¹⁷ Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
¹⁸ Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
¹⁹ Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
²⁰ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
²¹ Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
²² Department of Neuroscience, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, UK.
²³ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
²⁴ School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, Centre for Integrative Neuroscience and Neurodynamics, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
²⁵ Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
²⁶ Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
²⁷ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
²⁸ Department of Psychology (Clinical Psychology II), PFH - Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany.
²⁹ NICHE Lab, Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
³⁰ Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
³¹ Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
³² Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
³³ Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
³⁴ Clinic for Psychiatry/Psychotherapy Tübingen/Department for Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Tübingen, Germany.
³⁵ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
³⁶ LEAD Graduate School, University of Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.
³⁷ Departments of Psychiatry and of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
³⁸ Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
³⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
⁴⁰ Laboratory of Neurology and Cognitive Health, National Medical Research Center for Children's Health, Moscow, Russia.
⁴¹ Department of Biomedicine, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
⁴² Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
⁴³ Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Swandean, East Sussex, UK.
⁴⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
⁴⁵ Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁴⁶ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
⁴⁷ Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
⁴⁸ Center for Human Development, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
⁴⁹ Department of Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
⁵⁰ School of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry at the School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
⁵¹ Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
⁵² Child Neuropsychology Section, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany.
⁵³ JARA Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging (INM-11), Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
⁵⁴ Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Biomedical Network Research Center on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
⁵⁵ Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵⁶ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institute of Neurosciencies, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
⁵⁷ Division of Molecular Psychiatry, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
⁵⁸ Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
⁵⁹ Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNS), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
⁶⁰ Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
⁶¹ Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
⁶² Developmental Imaging Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
⁶³ Clinical Outcomes Research Unit (CORe), Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
⁶⁴ D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁶⁵ Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
⁶⁶ Centre of Advanced Medical Imaging, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
⁶⁷ Russian National Research Medical University Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
⁶⁸ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Institut of Neurosciencies, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
⁶⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
⁷⁰ Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA.
⁷¹ Translational Neuroscience, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
⁷² Cognitive Neuroscience (INM-3), Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
⁷³ Center for MR Research, University Children's Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland.
⁷⁴ Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), Zurich, Switzerland.
⁷⁵ Clinical Neuropsychology Section, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁷⁶ Emma Neuroscience Group, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development, Emma Children's Hospital Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁷⁷ Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
⁷⁸ Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy) and Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
⁷⁹ Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Capital Region Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
⁸⁰ Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
⁸¹ Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
⁸² Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
⁸³ Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
⁸⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
⁸⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
⁸⁶ Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁸⁷ Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
⁸⁸ Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
⁸⁹ National Human Genome Research Institute and National Institute of Mental health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁹⁰ School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Vic., Australia.
⁹¹ Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Developmental Imaging, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.
⁹² Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.
⁹³ Institute of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
⁹⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁹⁵ Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
⁹⁶ National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
⁹⁷ Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
⁹⁸ College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
⁹⁹ Morphological Sciences Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
¹⁰⁰ Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
¹⁰¹ Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
¹⁰² Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia.
¹⁰³ Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁰⁴ Instituto ITACA, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain.
¹⁰⁵ Brain and Behavior (INM-7), Institute for Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
¹⁰⁶ Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Child Study Center, Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York, NY, USA.
¹⁰⁷ Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
¹⁰⁸ Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.
¹⁰⁹ Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
¹¹⁰ Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
¹¹¹ Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
¹¹² Imaging Genetics Center, Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
¹¹³ Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

PMID: 33748971
PMCID: PMC8455726
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13396

Abstract

Objective: Some studies have suggested alterations of structural brain asymmetry in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but findings have been contradictory and based on small samples. Here, we performed the largest ever analysis of brain left-right asymmetry in ADHD, using 39 datasets of the ENIGMA consortium.

Methods: We analyzed asymmetry of subcortical and cerebral cortical structures in up to 1,933 people with ADHD and 1,829 unaffected controls. Asymmetry Indexes (AIs) were calculated per participant for each bilaterally paired measure, and linear mixed effects modeling was applied separately in children, adolescents, adults, and the total sample, to test exhaustively for potential associations of ADHD with structural brain asymmetries.

Results: There was no evidence for altered caudate nucleus asymmetry in ADHD, in contrast to prior literature. In children, there was less rightward asymmetry of the total hemispheric surface area compared to controls (t = 2.1, p = .04). Lower rightward asymmetry of medial orbitofrontal cortex surface area in ADHD (t = 2.7, p = .01) was similar to a recent finding for autism spectrum disorder. There were also some differences in cortical thickness asymmetry across age groups. In adults with ADHD, globus pallidus asymmetry was altered compared to those without ADHD. However, all effects were small (Cohen's d from -0.18 to 0.18) and would not survive study-wide correction for multiple testing.

Conclusion: Prior studies of altered structural brain asymmetry in ADHD were likely underpowered to detect the small effects reported here. Altered structural asymmetry is unlikely to provide a useful biomarker for ADHD, but may provide neurobiological insights into the trait.

Keywords: Attention-deficit; brain asymmetry; brain laterality; hyperactivity disorder; large-scale data; structural MRI.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement: See Acknowledgements for full disclosures.

Figures

**Figure 1.**
Cohen’s d effect sizes of the associations between ADHD diagnosis and AIs of subcortical volumes, cortical surface areas and cortical thicknesses for (A) children, (B) adolescents, (C) adults, and (D) all age groups combined. Positive values *(red)* indicate mean shifts towards greater leftward or reduced rightward asymmetry in ADHD, and negative values (*blue*) indicate mean shifts towards greater rightward asymmetry or reduced leftward asymmetry in ADHD.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

1. Alexander L, & Farrelly N (2018). Attending to adult ADHD: a review of the neurobiology behind adult ADHD. Ir J Psychol Med, 35(3), 237–244. doi:10.1017/ipm.2017.78 - DOI - PubMed
1. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental disorders, 4th edition (DSM-IV), Washington DC.
1. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC.
1. Baribeau DA, Dupuis A, Paton TA, Hammill C, Scherer SW, Schachar RJ, … Anagnostou E (2019). Structural neuroimaging correlates of social deficits are similar in autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: analysis from the POND Network. Transl Psychiatry, 9(1), 72. doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0382-0 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Benjamini Y, & Hochberg Y (1995). Controlling the False Discovery Rate - A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B-Methodological, 57(1), 289–300.

Publication types

Actions
Actions

MeSH terms

Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions
Actions

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
- scite Smart Citations
Medical
- MedlinePlus Consumer Health Information
- MedlinePlus Health Information
Miscellaneous
- NCI CPTAC Assay Portal

Save citation to file

Email citation

Add to Collections

Add to My Bibliography

Your saved search

Create a file for external citation management software

Your RSS Feed

Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets

Affiliations

Analysis of structural brain asymmetries in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in 39 datasets

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources

Medical

Miscellaneous