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. 2021 Jan 19;9(3):1564-1573.
doi: 10.1002/fsn3.2131. eCollection 2021 Mar.

Comparative study of physicochemical composition and microbial community of Khoormog, Chigee, and Airag, traditionally fermented dairy products from Xilin Gol in China

Liang Guo  1 , Weiliang Xu  1 , Chundong Li  1 , Yuansheng Guo  1 , Yamei  1 , Irbis Chagan  2
Affiliations

Comparative study of physicochemical composition and microbial community of Khoormog, Chigee, and Airag, traditionally fermented dairy products from Xilin Gol in China

Liang Guo et al. Food Sci Nutr. .

Abstract

Due to their outstanding nutritional and functional properties, the traditionally fermented dairy products (TFDP) from camel, mare, and cow gained universal praise during their long history of production. In this study, the physicochemical composition and microbial communities of Khoormog, Chigee, and Airag, the TFDP from Xilin Gol in China, were investigated and compared. The physicochemical analysis revealed a higher content of total solid content, protein, and fat in Khoormog (12.5 ± 1.6%; 4.6 ± 0.7%; 4.4 ± 1.3%) compared to Chigee (7.8 ± 1.3%; 2.1 ± 0.2%; 0.8 ± 0.2%) and Airag (8.9 ± 0.7%; 3.7 ± 0.4%; 1.4 ± 0.5%). All three types of TFDP shared 41.2% of bacterial and 25.4% of fungal OTUs, and 95.34% of bacterial and 95.52% of fungal sequence reads. The bacterial and fungal community consisted of four phyla and five genera, and three phyla and seven genera, respectively. Lastly, Lactobacillus predominated in Khoormog, Chigee, and Airag at the genus level, while the dominant fungal genera varied among the samples. In conclusion, the microbial community structures of TFDP from camel, mare, and cow were not significantly different in a definite area (Xilingol region), and Khoormog, Chigee, and Airag bred the common "core microbiota".

Keywords: Airag; Chigee; Khoormog; microbiology; nutrition.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Sampling locations of TFDP from Xilin Gol in China. Khoormog (K1, K2, and K3) samples were collected from Abag Banner, East Ujimqin Banner, and West Sunit Banner. Chigee (C1, C2, and C3) samples were obtained from Abag Banner, East Ujimqin Banner, and West Ujimqin Banner. Airag (A1, A2, and A3) samples were acquired from Xilinhot, East Ujimqin Banner, and West Sunit Banner
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Analyses of abundances of OTUs and sequence read from the bacterial and fungal community. The average and a total number of OTUs (a and c), the percentages of OTUs and sequence reads (b and d) for 16S rRNA (a and b), and ITS (c and d) sequencing analyses in Khoormog, Chigee, and Airag are presented. OTUs = operational taxonomic units. The color version is available online
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
The relative abundance of bacterial (a) and fungal (b) sequence in the nine traditionally fermented dairy samples of Khoormog, Chigee, and Airag. The color version is available online
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Unweighted (a and c) and weighted (b and d) UniFrac principal coordinate analyses of the bacterial (a and b) and fungal (c and D) diversity in Khoormog, Chigee, and Airag from Xilin Gol in China. The blue (trilateral), red (roundness), and green (tetragonal) symbols represent Khoormog, Chigee, and Airag, respectively. The color version is available online
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
The Anosim analysis of unweighted (a and c) and weighted (b and d) UniFrac principal coordinate analyses of the bacterial (a and b) and fungal (c and d) diversity in Khoormog, Chigee, and Airag from Xilin Gol in China
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Spearman's correlation heatmap between different bacterial and fungal genera and physicochemical indexes
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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