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. 2021 Mar 23;11(1):6672.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-84713-9.

Gibberellic acid and nitrogen efficiently protect early seedlings growth stage from salt stress damage in Sorghum

Adam Yousif Adam Ali #  1   2 , Muhi Eldeen Hussien Ibrahim #  1   3 , Guisheng Zhou  4 , Nimir Eltyb Ahmed Nimir  1   5 , Aboagla Mohammed Ibrahim Elsiddig  1 , Xiurong Jiao  1 , Guanglong Zhu  1 , Ebtehal Gabralla Ibrahim Salih  1   6 , Mohamed Suliman Eltyeb Suliman Suliman  1   5 , Safiya Babiker Mustafa Elradi  1   5
Affiliations

Gibberellic acid and nitrogen efficiently protect early seedlings growth stage from salt stress damage in Sorghum

Adam Yousif Adam Ali et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Salinity one of environmental factor that limits the growth and productivity of crops. This research was done to investigate whether GA3 (0, 144.3, 288.7 and 577.5 μM) and nitrogen fertilizer (0, 90 and 135 kg N ha-1) could mitigate the negative impacts of NaCl (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) on emergence percentage, seedling growth and some biochemical parameters. The results showed that high salinity level decreased emergence percentage, seedling growth, relative water content, chlorophyll content (SPAD reading), catalase (CAT) and peroxide (POD), but increased soluble protein content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The SOD activity was decreased by nitrogen. However, the other measurements were increased by nitrogen. The interactive impact between nitrogen and salinity was significant in most parameters except EP, CAT and POD. The seedling length, dry weight, fresh weight, emergence percentage, POD, soluble protein and chlorophyll content were significantly affected by the interaction between GA3 and salinity. The GA3 and nitrogen application was successful mitigating the adverse effects of salinity. The level of 144.3 and 288.7 μm GA3 and the rate of 90 and 135 kg N ha-1 were most effective on many of the attributes studied. Our study suggested that GA3 and nitrogen could efficiently protect early seedlings growth from salinity damage.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The effect of interaction between: (a) different concentrations of salinity × different concentrations of nitrogen and (b) different concentrations of salinity × different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) on seedling length (cm) of sorghum seedling. Bars with different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability. Means were separated by the LSD test.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The effect of interaction between: (a) different concentrations of salinity × different concentrations of nitrogen and (b) different concentrations of salinity × different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) on chlorophyll content (SPAD reading). Bars with different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability. Means were separated by the LSD test.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The effect of interaction between different concentrations of salinity × different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) on (a) catalase (CAT) and (b) and peroxidase (POD) activities of sorghum seedling. Bars with different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability. Means were separated by the LSD test.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effect of interaction between: (a) different concentrations of salinity × different concentrations of nitrogen and (b) different concentrations of salinity × different concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3) on SOD of sorghum seedling. Bars with different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 probability. Means were separated by the LSD test.
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References

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