Parental Burnout Around the Globe: a 42-Country Study

Isabelle Roskam¹, Joyce Aguiar², Ege Akgun³, Gizem Arikan⁴, Mariana Artavia⁵, Hervé Avalosse⁶, Kaisa Aunola⁷, Michel Bader⁸, Claire Bahati⁹, Elizabeth J Barham¹⁰, Eliane Besson¹¹, Wim Beyers¹², Emilie Boujut¹³, Maria Elena Brianda¹, Anna Brytek-Matera¹⁴, Noémie Carbonneau¹⁵, Filipa César², Bin-Bin Chen¹⁶, Géraldine Dorard¹³, Luciana Carla Dos Santos Elias¹⁷, Sandra Dunsmuir¹⁸, Natalia Egorova¹⁹, Nicolas Favez²⁰, Anne-Marie Fontaine², Heather Foran²¹, Julia Fricke²², Kaichiro Furutani²³, Laura Gallée¹, Myrna Gannagé¹¹, Maria Gaspar²⁴, Lucie Godbout¹⁵, Amit Goldenberg²⁵, James J Gross²⁶, Maria Ancuta Gurza²⁷, Ruby Hall²⁸, Muhammad Aamir Hashmi²⁹, Ogma Hatta¹, Mai Helmy³⁰, Thi Vân Hoang³¹, Mai Trang Huynh³¹, Emerence Kaneza³², Taishi Kawamoto³³, Goran Knezevic³⁴, Bassantéa Lodegaèna Kpassagou³⁵, Ljiljana B Lazarevic³⁴, Sarah Le Vigouroux³⁶, Astrid Lebert-Charron¹³, Vanessa Leme³⁷, Gao-Xian Lin¹, Carolyn MacCann³⁸, Denisse Manrique-Millones³⁹, Marisa Matias², María Isabel Miranda-Orrego⁴⁰, Marina Miscioscia⁴¹, Clara Morgades-Bamba⁴², Seyyedeh Fatemeh Mousavi⁴³, Badra Moutassem-Mimouni⁴⁴, Ana Muntean⁴⁵, Hugh Murphy²¹, Alexis Ndayizigiye³², Josué Ngnombouowo Tenkue⁴⁶, Sally Olderbak⁴⁷, Sophie Ornawka¹⁵, Fatumo Osman⁴⁸, Daniela Oyarce-Cadiz⁴⁹, Pablo A Pérez-Díaz^{18

50}, Konstantinos V Petrides¹⁸, Claudia Pineda-Marin⁵¹, Katharina Prandstetter²¹, Alena Prikhidko⁵², Ricardo T Ricci⁵³, Fernando Salinas-Quiroz⁵⁴, Raquel Sánchez-Rodríguez⁵⁵, Ainize Sarrionandia⁵⁶, Céline Scola⁵⁷, Vincent Sezibera⁵⁸, Paola Silva⁵⁹, Alessandra Simonelli⁶⁰, Bart Soenens¹², Emma Sorbring⁶¹, Matilda Sorkkila⁷, Charlotte Schrooyen¹², Elena Stănculescu⁶², Elena Starchenkova⁶³, Dorota Szczygiel⁶⁴, Javier Tapia⁶⁵, Thi Minh Thuy Tri³¹, Mélissa Tremblay¹⁵, A Meltem Ustundag-Budak⁶⁶, Maday Valdés Pacheco⁶⁷, Hedwig van Bakel²⁸, Lesley Verhofstadt¹², Jaqueline Wendland¹³, Saengduean Yotanyamaneewong⁶⁸, Moïra Mikolajczak¹

Affiliations

¹ Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
² Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Psychology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, s/n, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
³ Department of Preschool Education, Egitim Bilimleri Fakultesi Cebeci, Ankara University, 06590 Ankara, Turkey.
⁴ Department of Psychology, Ozyegin University, Nisantepe Mah Orman Sok, Cekmekoy, 34794 Istanbul, Turkey.
⁵ Costa Rican Institute of Technology, Calle 15, Avenida 14. Km 1 sur de la Basílica de los Ángeles, Cartago, 30101 Costa Rica.
⁶ Mutualités Chrétiennes, Research and Development Department, Chaussée de Haecht 579, 1031 Brussels, Belgium.
⁷ Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
⁸ Department DP CHUV, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Avenue Pierre-Decker 5, 1011 Lausanne, CH Switzerland.
⁹ Department of Psychology, University of Rwanda, Huye Campus, Southern Province Rwanda.
¹⁰ Department of Psychology, Federal University in São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, 13564-180 Brazil.
¹¹ Department of Psychology, Saint-Joseph University, Rue de Damas, B.P. 17-5208- Mar Mikhael, Beyrouth, 11042020 Lebanon.
¹² Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
¹³ Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, F-92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France.
¹⁴ Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Dawida 1, 50-527 Wroclaw, Poland.
¹⁵ Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec Canada.
¹⁶ Department of Psychology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433 China.
¹⁷ Department of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Avenue. Dr. Renato Pagano 416-A, Cravinhos, SP Brazil.
¹⁸ Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP UK.
¹⁹ EPSM de l'Agglomération Lilloise, Psychiatrie adulte, 1 Rue de Lommelet, 59350 Saint-André-lez-Lille, France.
²⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Uni Mail, 40 Bvd du Pont d'Arve, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
²¹ Abteilung für Gesundheitspsychologie, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Universitätsstraße 65-67, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria.
²² Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstr. 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
²³ Faculty of Business Administration, Hokkai-gakuen University, 4-1-40, Asahimachi, Toyohiraku, Sapporo, Japan.
²⁴ Centre for Social Studies, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, Ap.6153, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal.
²⁵ Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Soldiers Field, Boston, MA 02163 USA.
²⁶ Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2130 USA.
²⁷ DGASPC Timis, Department of Psychology, Pta Regina Maria Nr.3, Timisoara, Romania.
²⁸ Departement Tranzo, Tilburg University, Professor Cobbenhagenlaan 125, 5037 DB Tilburg, The Netherlands.
²⁹ Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
³⁰ Psychology Department, Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Gamal abdel naser street, Shebin El Kom, Menoufia Governorate Egypt.
³¹ Faculty of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, HoChiMinh National University, 10 -12 Dinh Tien Hoang, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
³² Clinique de l'Education et de la Psychothérapie, Robero I, 6136 Bujumbura, Burundi.
³³ College of Humanities, Department of Psychology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501 Japan.
³⁴ Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Cika Ljubina 18-20, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia.
³⁵ Department of Applied Psychology, Université de Lomé, Rue Doumassessé 01, BP, 1515 Lomé, Togo.
³⁶ Université de Nîmes, APSY-V, F-30021, Nîmes Cedex 1, France.
³⁷ Department of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Place Edmundo March 20, flat 201, Boa Viagem, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
³⁸ School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Manning Road, Sydney, Australia.
³⁹ Psychology Research Institute, Universidad San Martín de Porres, Av. Tomás Marsano 242, 34 Lima, Peru.
⁴⁰ Faculty of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador.
⁴¹ Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padua, Italy.
⁴² Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Juan del Rosal, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
⁴³ Research Group of Psychology, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, North Sheikh Bahaee St., Deh-e Vanak, Tehran, 1993891176 Iran.
⁴⁴ Department of Psychology, Université Mohamed Benahmed Oran2, 109 rue de Mostaganem, Oran, Algeria.
⁴⁵ Social Work Department, West University in Timisoara, Bul. Vasile Parvan nr.4, Timisoara, Romania.
⁴⁶ Department of Psychology, Université de Yaoundé 1, BP. 8056 Yaounde, Cameroon.
⁴⁷ Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
⁴⁸ School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Högskolan Dalarna, 79188 Falun, Sweden.
⁴⁹ Department of Psychology, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avenida Carlos Schorr 255, Talca, Region del Maule Chile.
⁵⁰ Institute of Psychology, Austral University of Chile, Los Pinos Avenue, W/N, Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile.
⁵¹ Department of Psychology, Konrad Lorenz University Foundation, Cra. 9 Bis #62-43, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia.
⁵² Counseling, Recreation and School Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Str, Miami, FL USA.
⁵³ Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 429 7mo. B, Las Heras, Argentina.
⁵⁴ Estudios Psicológicos en Educación y Bienestar, National Pedagogic University, Academic Area 3, Carretera al Ajusco 24, Héroes de Padierna, Tlalpan, 14200 Mexico City, Mexico.
⁵⁵ Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (CERPPS), Université Toulouse 2 - Jean Jaurès, UT2J, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
⁵⁶ Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of the Basque Country, Tolosa Hiribidea 70, Donostia 20018, Gipuzkoa, Basque Country Spain.
⁵⁷ PSYCLE, Aix Marseille Univ, Aix en Provence, France.
⁵⁸ Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Gikondo-Street, KK737, P.O. Box 4285, Kigali, Rwanda.
⁵⁹ Department of Psychology, Universidad de la República Uruguay, Edificio Central, Tristán Narvaja, 1674 Montevideo, Uruguay.
⁶⁰ Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35141 Padova, Italy.
⁶¹ Department of Social and Behavioral Studies, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, Sweden.
⁶² Teacher Training Department, University of Bucharest, Panduri Street, 90 Bucharest, Romania.
⁶³ Department of Psychological Ensuring of Professional Activity, Saint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Emb, St Petersburg, 199034 Russia.
⁶⁴ Faculty of Psychology in Sopot, Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, ul. Polna 16/20, 81-745 Sopot, Poland.
⁶⁵ Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060 Costa Rica.
⁶⁶ Department of Psychology, Bahcesehir University, Guney Yerleskesi, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁶⁷ Faculty of Psychology, University of Habana, San Rafael # 1168 e/. Mazón y Baserrate Plaza, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
⁶⁸ Department of Psychology, Chiang Mai University, 239 Suthep, Muang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand.

PMID: 33758826
PMCID: PMC7970748
DOI: 10.1007/s42761-020-00028-4

Parental Burnout Around the Globe: a 42-Country Study

Isabelle Roskam et al. Affect Sci. 2021.

. 2021;2(1):58-79.

doi: 10.1007/s42761-020-00028-4. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Psychological Sciences Research Institute, UCLouvain, Place Cardinal Mercier 10, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
² Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Psychology, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, s/n, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
³ Department of Preschool Education, Egitim Bilimleri Fakultesi Cebeci, Ankara University, 06590 Ankara, Turkey.
⁴ Department of Psychology, Ozyegin University, Nisantepe Mah Orman Sok, Cekmekoy, 34794 Istanbul, Turkey.
⁵ Costa Rican Institute of Technology, Calle 15, Avenida 14. Km 1 sur de la Basílica de los Ángeles, Cartago, 30101 Costa Rica.
⁶ Mutualités Chrétiennes, Research and Development Department, Chaussée de Haecht 579, 1031 Brussels, Belgium.
⁷ Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
⁸ Department DP CHUV, University of Lausanne (UNIL), Avenue Pierre-Decker 5, 1011 Lausanne, CH Switzerland.
⁹ Department of Psychology, University of Rwanda, Huye Campus, Southern Province Rwanda.
¹⁰ Department of Psychology, Federal University in São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís km 235, São Carlos, 13564-180 Brazil.
¹¹ Department of Psychology, Saint-Joseph University, Rue de Damas, B.P. 17-5208- Mar Mikhael, Beyrouth, 11042020 Lebanon.
¹² Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
¹³ Laboratoire de Psychopathologie et Processus de Santé, Université de Paris, F-92100 Boulogne Billancourt, France.
¹⁴ Institute of Psychology, University of Wroclaw, Dawida 1, 50-527 Wroclaw, Poland.
¹⁵ Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard Des Forges, Trois-Rivières, Québec Canada.
¹⁶ Department of Psychology, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai, 200433 China.
¹⁷ Department of Psychology, University of São Paulo, Avenue. Dr. Renato Pagano 416-A, Cravinhos, SP Brazil.
¹⁸ Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AP UK.
¹⁹ EPSM de l'Agglomération Lilloise, Psychiatrie adulte, 1 Rue de Lommelet, 59350 Saint-André-lez-Lille, France.
²⁰ Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Uni Mail, 40 Bvd du Pont d'Arve, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.
²¹ Abteilung für Gesundheitspsychologie, Alpen-Adria-Universität Klagenfurt, Universitätsstraße 65-67, 9020 Klagenfurt, Austria.
²² Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstr. 57, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
²³ Faculty of Business Administration, Hokkai-gakuen University, 4-1-40, Asahimachi, Toyohiraku, Sapporo, Japan.
²⁴ Centre for Social Studies, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, Ap.6153, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal.
²⁵ Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Soldiers Field, Boston, MA 02163 USA.
²⁶ Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-2130 USA.
²⁷ DGASPC Timis, Department of Psychology, Pta Regina Maria Nr.3, Timisoara, Romania.
²⁸ Departement Tranzo, Tilburg University, Professor Cobbenhagenlaan 125, 5037 DB Tilburg, The Netherlands.
²⁹ Institute of Education and Research, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
³⁰ Psychology Department, Faculty of Arts, Menoufia University, Gamal abdel naser street, Shebin El Kom, Menoufia Governorate Egypt.
³¹ Faculty of Psychology, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, HoChiMinh National University, 10 -12 Dinh Tien Hoang, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
³² Clinique de l'Education et de la Psychothérapie, Robero I, 6136 Bujumbura, Burundi.
³³ College of Humanities, Department of Psychology, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501 Japan.
³⁴ Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Cika Ljubina 18-20, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia.
³⁵ Department of Applied Psychology, Université de Lomé, Rue Doumassessé 01, BP, 1515 Lomé, Togo.
³⁶ Université de Nîmes, APSY-V, F-30021, Nîmes Cedex 1, France.
³⁷ Department of Psychology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Place Edmundo March 20, flat 201, Boa Viagem, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
³⁸ School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Manning Road, Sydney, Australia.
³⁹ Psychology Research Institute, Universidad San Martín de Porres, Av. Tomás Marsano 242, 34 Lima, Peru.
⁴⁰ Faculty of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Av. 12 de Octubre 1076 y Roca, Quito, Ecuador.
⁴¹ Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani 3, 35128 Padua, Italy.
⁴² Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Juan del Rosal, 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
⁴³ Research Group of Psychology, Women Research Center, Alzahra University, North Sheikh Bahaee St., Deh-e Vanak, Tehran, 1993891176 Iran.
⁴⁴ Department of Psychology, Université Mohamed Benahmed Oran2, 109 rue de Mostaganem, Oran, Algeria.
⁴⁵ Social Work Department, West University in Timisoara, Bul. Vasile Parvan nr.4, Timisoara, Romania.
⁴⁶ Department of Psychology, Université de Yaoundé 1, BP. 8056 Yaounde, Cameroon.
⁴⁷ Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
⁴⁸ School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Högskolan Dalarna, 79188 Falun, Sweden.
⁴⁹ Department of Psychology, Universidad Santo Tomás, Avenida Carlos Schorr 255, Talca, Region del Maule Chile.
⁵⁰ Institute of Psychology, Austral University of Chile, Los Pinos Avenue, W/N, Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile.
⁵¹ Department of Psychology, Konrad Lorenz University Foundation, Cra. 9 Bis #62-43, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia.
⁵² Counseling, Recreation and School Psychology, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8 Str, Miami, FL USA.
⁵³ Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, 429 7mo. B, Las Heras, Argentina.
⁵⁴ Estudios Psicológicos en Educación y Bienestar, National Pedagogic University, Academic Area 3, Carretera al Ajusco 24, Héroes de Padierna, Tlalpan, 14200 Mexico City, Mexico.
⁵⁵ Centre d'Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (CERPPS), Université Toulouse 2 - Jean Jaurès, UT2J, Maison de la Recherche, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse Cedex 9, France.
⁵⁶ Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatments, University of the Basque Country, Tolosa Hiribidea 70, Donostia 20018, Gipuzkoa, Basque Country Spain.
⁵⁷ PSYCLE, Aix Marseille Univ, Aix en Provence, France.
⁵⁸ Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Gikondo-Street, KK737, P.O. Box 4285, Kigali, Rwanda.
⁵⁹ Department of Psychology, Universidad de la República Uruguay, Edificio Central, Tristán Narvaja, 1674 Montevideo, Uruguay.
⁶⁰ Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 8, 35141 Padova, Italy.
⁶¹ Department of Social and Behavioral Studies, University West, 461 86 Trollhättan, Sweden.
⁶² Teacher Training Department, University of Bucharest, Panduri Street, 90 Bucharest, Romania.
⁶³ Department of Psychological Ensuring of Professional Activity, Saint Petersburg State University, 7-9 Universitetskaya Emb, St Petersburg, 199034 Russia.
⁶⁴ Faculty of Psychology in Sopot, Department of Psychology, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, ul. Polna 16/20, 81-745 Sopot, Poland.
⁶⁵ Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, 11501-2060 Costa Rica.
⁶⁶ Department of Psychology, Bahcesehir University, Guney Yerleskesi, Besiktas, Istanbul, Turkey.
⁶⁷ Faculty of Psychology, University of Habana, San Rafael # 1168 e/. Mazón y Baserrate Plaza, Ciudad de La Habana, Cuba.
⁶⁸ Department of Psychology, Chiang Mai University, 239 Suthep, Muang Chiang Mai, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand.

PMID: 33758826
PMCID: PMC7970748
DOI: 10.1007/s42761-020-00028-4

Abstract

High levels of stress in the parenting domain can lead to parental burnout, a condition that has severe consequences for both parents and children. It is not yet clear, however, whether parental burnout varies by culture, and if so, why it might do so. In this study, we examined the prevalence of parental burnout in 42 countries (17,409 parents; 71% mothers; M_age = 39.20) and showed that the prevalence of parental burnout varies dramatically across countries. Analyses of cultural values revealed that individualistic cultures, in particular, displayed a noticeably higher prevalence and mean level of parental burnout. Indeed, individualism plays a larger role in parental burnout than either economic inequalities across countries, or any other individual and family characteristic examined so far, including the number and age of children and the number of hours spent with them. These results suggest that cultural values in Western countries may put parents under heightened levels of stress.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42761-020-00028-4.

Keywords: Collectivism; Culture; Exhaustion; Individualism; Prevalence.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of InterestThe authors declare no competing financial interests or funding source that could have influenced the data collection, analysis, or conclusions. M.M. and I.R. have now founded a training institute (name currently masked for blind review) which delivers training on parental burnout to professionals. The institute did not participate in the funding of this study nor did it influence the process, the results, or their interpretation in any manner.

Figures

**Fig. 1**
Prevalence of parental burnout across countries

**Fig. 2**
Parental burnout and individualism across countries

See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Parental Burnout Around the Globe: a 42-Country Study

Affiliations

Parental Burnout Around the Globe: a 42-Country Study

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources