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. 2021 Mar 8:12:635539.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.635539. eCollection 2021.

Characterization of Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated From Fish Aquaculture of the Southwest Coastal Area of Bangladesh

Abu Baker Siddique  1   2 , M Moniruzzaman  1 , Sobur Ali  1 , Md Nayem Dewan  1 , Mohammad Rafiqul Islam  1 , Md Shafiqul Islam  1 , Mohammed Badrul Amin  1 , Dinesh Mondal  1 , Anowar Khasru Parvez  2 , Zahid Hayat Mahmud  1
Affiliations

Characterization of Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated From Fish Aquaculture of the Southwest Coastal Area of Bangladesh

Abu Baker Siddique et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a major foodborne pathogen responsible for significant economic losses in aquaculture and a threat to human health. Here, we explored the incidence, virulence potential, and diversity of V. parahaemolyticus isolates from aquaculture farms in Bangladesh. We examined a total of 216 water, sediment, Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia), Labeo rohita (rui), and Penaeus monodon (shrimp) samples from the aquaculture system where 60.2% (130/216) samples were positive for V. parahaemolyticus. Furthermore, we identified 323 V. parahaemolyticus strains from contaminated samples, 17 of which were found positive for trh, a virulence gene. Four isolates out of the 17 obtained were able to accumulate fluid in the rabbit ileal loop assay. The correlation between the contamination of V. parahaemolyticus and environmental factors was determined by Pearson correlation. The temperature and salinity were significantly correlated (positive) with the incidence of V. parahaemolyticus. Most of the pathogenic isolates (94.1%) were found resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin. O8: KUT was the predominant serotype of the potentially pathogenic isolates. ERIC-PCR reveals genetic variation and relatedness among the pathogenic isolates. Therefore, this region-specific study establishes the incidence of potential infection with V. parahaemolyticus from the consumption of tilapia, rui, and shrimp raised in farms in Satkhira, Bangladesh, and the basis for developing strategies to reduce the risk for diseases and economic burden.

Keywords: Vibrio parahaemolyticus; aquaculture; histopathology; rabbit ileal loop; trh.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Location of the sample collection sites of the coastal area of Satkhira, Bangladesh. Image courtesy: Banglapedia.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Analysis of physicochemical parameters (temperature, salinity, and pH). Box and whisker plot analysis of temperature (A), salinity (B), and pH (C) in sites (1), (2), and (3). Seasonal variation of temperature (D), salinity (E), and pH (F) in different sites.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Seasonal distribution of V. parahaemolyticus in different sites.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus distribution in different sample types.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
ERIC-PCR DNA fingerprint analysis of trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus isolates in different samples (fish, sediment, water) from Satkhira, Bangladesh.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Rabbit ileal loop assay to assess enterotoxigenic activity. Pictorial view of rabbit ileal loop of different environmental strains. Analysis of fluid accumulation of different V. parahaemolyticus strain isolated from the environment (D). Rabbit ileal loops were inoculated with 108 CFU/ml of each trh-positive V. parahaemolyticus strain (A–C). Results are expressed as fluid accumulation (FA; in milliliters) per loop length (in centimeters). PBS and the V. cholerae O1 were taken as controls in this assay.
FIGURE 7
FIGURE 7
Ileal tissue sections obtained from rabbits infected with 108 CFU/ml of trh positive V. parahaemolyticus showed severe histopathological changes in the mucosa represented by infiltration with PMN in the lamina propria (inside circle) and degeneration, damage, and sloughing (inside square).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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