Impact of kerosene pollution on ground vegetation of southern taiga in the Amur Region, Russia

Abstract

The present study is the field experiment on kerosene pollution impact on southern taiga plant communities. Experimental sites were located in a mixed forest, a deciduous forest, a sedge fen and a wet meadow within the Amur Region of the Russian Far East. Kerosene loads from 1 to 500 g/kg of soil were applied to 50 × 50 cm plots in three replications and their effects on number of species and projective cover of ground vegetation were analysed in 1.5 months and 1 year after exposure. Statistical analyses of data included Student's t-test, Friedman ANOVA and correlation coefficient (r). Phylogenetic analysis was carried out for herbaceous plants on experimental plots. The highest susceptibility to kerosene pollution was found in the mixed forest, where the edificator species (Pteridium aquilinum subsp. pinetorum) was significantly suppressed by the kerosene load of only 1 g/kg of soil. Wetland communities regenerated faster than ground vegetation of forests, especially, in tests with high (>25 g/kg) kerosene loads. The wet meadow community was the most resistant to kerosene pollution, i.e., despite significant decreases in projective cover and number of species after exposure to kerosene loads of 5 and 25 g/kg in the first season, it had the highest regeneration success in the next season. In our study, the kerosene load of 25 g/kg of soil was the threshold level of pollution, above which there were significant structural changes in the studied plant communities. Depending on their abilities to resist kerosene pollution and to regenerate in the next year, dominant species of the studied plant communities were arranged in the following ascending order: Pteridium aquilinum ssp. pinetorum, Convallaria keiskei < Carex cespitosa, Calamagrostis purpurea < Lespedeza bicolor < Vaccinium uliginosum.

Keywords: Demutation; Field experiments; Hydrocarbon fuel; Phytocenoses; Soil pollution; Succession; Vegetation dynamics; Vegetation recovery.