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Observational Study
. 2021 Jun 10;38(3):470-477.
doi: 10.20960/nh.03465.

Cost, microbiological, and nutritional properties of pureed food production in nursing homes. The ABADIA Study

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Free article
Observational Study

Cost, microbiological, and nutritional properties of pureed food production in nursing homes. The ABADIA Study

María D Ballesteros Pomar et al. Nutr Hosp. .
Free article

Abstract

Introduction: although nutritional differences between different types of texture-modified diet (TMD) have been evaluated, the resources and costs associated with their preparation have been less studied. Objective: to describe the nutritional, microbiological properties and costs of: 1) in-home produced pureed food (hTMD); 2) concentrated nutrient-dense commercial food products, hand-blended (cTMD); 3) food prepared using the MixxPro® automatic food mixer (cTMD-Mix). Methods: an observational, prospective study carried out in three geriatric nursing-homes. Patients ≥ 65 years, receiving TMD, with a stable clinical condition, estimated survival/expected internment > 1 month, and sufficient cognitive capacity were included. The following data were recorded: 1) patient socio-demographic and clinical variables; 2) TMD compliance and symptoms related to dysphagia during the meal; 3) patient appetite; and 4) kitchen information and resources used to prepare a TMD. Results: sixty-two residents were included (65.0 % women, 88.3 years (SD: 9.3); 43.5 % malnourished, 79.0 % with good appetite). The proportion of food eaten/median kcal served/portion/mean kcal consumed were: hTMD: 95.5 % (SD: 10.7)/92.4 kcal (IQR: 75.6-128.1)/88.2 kcal (IQR: 72.2-122.3); cTMD: 89.2 % (SD: 15.9)/323.4 kcal (IQR: 284.2-454.1)/288.5 kcal (IQR: 253.5-325.1); and cTMD-Mix: 80.3 % (SD: 21.4)/358.0 kcal (IQR: 344.0-372.1)/287.5 kcal (IQR: 276.5-298.8). No microorganisms were detected. The average time spent in preparing each portion and its costs were: hTMD: 11.2 min (SD: 3.89)/€2.33 (SD: 0.63); cTMD: 1.7 min (SD: 0.28)/€2.01 (SD: 0.39); and cTMD-Mix: 1.6 min (SD: 0.00)/€2.00 (SD: 0.33). Conclusions: in patients with dysphagia and/or chewing difficulties, concentrated nutrient-dense food products, particularly those produced using the MixxPro® automatic food mixer, ensure a high caloric intake and allow quick and safe food preparation.

Introducción: aunque existe evidencia acerca de las diferencias nutricionales entre los distintos tipos de dieta de textura modificada (DTM), los recursos y los costos asociados a su preparación se han estudiado menos. Objetivo: describir las propiedades nutricionales, las microbiológicas y los costes de: 1) una dieta triturada de manera artesanal (hDTM); 2) una dieta preparada con alimentación básica adaptada (ABA) (cDTM); y 3) una ABA preparada con el mezclador automático de alimentos MixxPro® (cDTM-Mix). Métodos: estudio observacional prospectivo realizado en tres residencias. Se incluyeron pacientes ≥ de 65 años que recibían DTM, con estado clínico estable, con supervivencia/internamiento estimado > 1 mes y capacidad cognitiva suficiente. Se registraron: 1) las variables sociodemográficas y clínicas del paciente; 2) el cumplimiento y los síntomas relacionados con la disfagia durante la comida; 3) el apetito del paciente, y 4) la información de la cocina y los recursos utilizados para preparar la DTM. Resultados: se incluyeron 62 residentes (65,0 % mujeres, 88,3 años (SD: 9,3), 43,5 % desnutridos, 79,0 % con buen apetito). La proporción de alimentos consumidos/mediana de kcal servidas/porción/media de kcal media consumidas fueron: hDTM 95,5 % (SD: 10,7)/92,4 kcal (IQR: 75,6-128,1)/88,2 kcal (IQR: 72,2-122,3); cDTM: 89.2 % (SD: 15.9)/323,4 kcal (IQR: 284.2-454.1)/288,5 kcal (IQR: 253.5-325.1), y cDTM-Mix: 80,3 % (SD: 21.4)/358,0 kcal (IQR: 344.0-372.1)/287,5 kcal (IQR: 276.5-298.8). No se detectaron microorganismos. El tiempo medio empleado en la preparación y el coste por porción fueron: hDTM: 11,2 min (SD: 3,89)/2,33 € (SD: 0,63); cDTM: 1,7 min (SD: 0,28)/2,01 € (SD: 0,39), y cDTM-Mix: 1,6 min (SD: 0,00)/2,00 € (SD: 0,33). Conclusiones: en los pacientes con disfagia y/o dificultades para masticar, los productos de ABA comerciales, en particular los que se producen con el mezclador automático de alimentos MixxPro®, aseguran una elevada ingesta calórica y permiten una preparación rápida y segura.

Keywords: Residencias. Disfagia. Problemas de deglución. Dietas de textura modificada. Purés..

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