Direct and indirect effects of microbiota-derived metabolites on neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are highly influenced by changes in the microbiota and of microbiota-derived metabolites, including short chain fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan derivatives. This review will discuss the effects of microbiota-derived metabolites on neuroinflammation driven by central nervous system-resident cells and peripheral immune cells, and their influence on outcomes of EAE and MS.

Keywords: Bile acids; Experimental autoimmune encephalitis (EAE); Microbiota; Multiple sclerosis (MS); Short chain fatty acids (SCFA); Tryptophan.