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. 2021 Apr;15(2):53-71.
doi: 10.1049/syb2.12014.

Fuzzy logic and Lyapunov-based non-linear controllers for HCV infection

Ali Hamza  1 , Iftikhar Ahmad  1 , Muhammad Uneeb  1
Affiliations

Fuzzy logic and Lyapunov-based non-linear controllers for HCV infection

Ali Hamza et al. IET Syst Biol. 2021 Apr.

Abstract

Hepatitis C is the liver disease caused by the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) which can lead to serious health problems such as liver cancer. In this research work, the non-linear model of HCV having three state variables (uninfected hepatocytes, infected hepatocytes and virions) and two control inputs has been taken into account, and four non-linear controllers namely non-linear PID controller, Lyapunov Redesign controller, Synergetic controller and Fuzzy Logic-Based controller have been proposed to control HCV infection inside the human body. The controllers have been designed for the anti-viral therapy in order to control the amount of uninfected hepatocytes to the desired safe limit and to track the amount of infected hepatocytes and virions to their reference value which is zero. One control input is the Pegylated interferon (peg-IFN-α) which acts in reducing the infected hepatocytes and the other input is ribavirin which blocks the production of virions. By doing so, the uninfected hepatocytes increase and achieve the required safe limit. Lyapunov stability analysis has been used to prove the stability of the whole system. The comparative analysis of the proposed nonlinear controllers using MATLAB/Simulink have been done with each other and with linear PID. These results depict that the infected hepatocytes and virions are reduced to the desired level, enhancing the rate of sustained virologic response (SVR) and reducing the treatment period as compared with previous strategies introduced in the literature.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Model of chronic HCV [16]
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Closed loop control of HCV system
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Block diagram of PID Controller
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
FLBC block diagram for HCV system
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FIGURE 5
Input variable ‐ Error for Virions
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FIGURE 6
Input variable ‐ Error for Infected Hepatocytes
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FIGURE 7
Input Variable ‐ Change of error
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FIGURE 8
Output Variable ‐ control inputs for both states
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 9
Uncontrolled response of all states of HCV
FIGURE 10
FIGURE 10
Behaviour of uninfected hepatocytes
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FIGURE 11
Behaviour of infected hepatocytes
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FIGURE 12
Behaviour of the virions
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FIGURE 13
Control input u 1 comparison
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FIGURE 14
control input u 2 comparison
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FIGURE 15
Behaviour of the uninfected hepatocytes
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FIGURE 16
Behaviour of infected hepatocytes
FIGURE 17
FIGURE 17
Behaviour of virions
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FIGURE 18
Control input u 1 comparison
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FIGURE 19
Control input u 2 comparison
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FIGURE 20
Behaviour of uninfected hepatocytes
FIGURE 21
FIGURE 21
Behaviour of the infected hepatocytes
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FIGURE 22
Behaviour of the virions
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FIGURE 23
Comparison of the control input u 1
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FIGURE 24
Comparison of the control input u 2
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FIGURE 25
Closed loop block diagram for HCV in case of noise
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FIGURE 26
Gaussian noise
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FIGURE 27
Behaviour of the uninfected hepatocytes
FIGURE 28
FIGURE 28
Behaviour of the infected hepatocytes
FIGURE 29
FIGURE 29
Behaviour of the virions
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