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Review
. 2022 Mar;17(3):434-443.
doi: 10.2215/CJN.14570920. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

De Novo Malignancies after Kidney Transplantation

David Al-Adra  1 , Talal Al-Qaoud  1 , Kevin Fowler  2 , Germaine Wong  3   4   5
Affiliations
Review

De Novo Malignancies after Kidney Transplantation

David Al-Adra et al. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022 Mar.

Abstract

Cancer is an important outcome after kidney transplantation because it is the second leading cause of death in most Western countries. The excess risk of cancer after transplantation is approximately two to three times higher than the age- and sex-matched general population, driven largely by viral- and immune-related cancers. Once cancer develops, outcomes are generally poor, particularly for those with melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. More importantly, effective screening and treatment strategies are limited in this high-risk population. In this review, we begin with a patient's journey that maps the experience of living with a kidney transplant and understand the patient's knowledge, education, and experience of cancer in the context of transplantation. The epidemiology and burden of cancer in recipients of kidney transplants, along with the up-to-date screening and treatment strategies, are discussed. We also focus on the current understanding of optimal care for recipients of kidney transplants who are living with cancer from the patients' perspectives.

Keywords: Kidney Transplantation Series; cancer; kidney transplantation.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The standardized incidence ratios of different cancer types in recipients of kidney transplants indicate that the overall risk of cancer is higher for certain cancer types compared to the age- and sex-matched general population. The size of the circle represents the absolute risk of developing cancer compared with the age- and sex-matched general population.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
The standardized mortality ratios of different cancer types in recipients of kidney transplants indicate that the overall risk of cancer-related death is higher for certain cancer types compared to the age- and sex-matched general population. The size of the circle represents the absolute risk of dying from cancer compared with the age- and sex-matched general population.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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