Serum-free immunoglobulin E: A useful biomarker of atopy and type 2 asthma in adults with asthma

Abstract

Background: It has been known that a high serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) level is a predisposing factor of allergic asthma; however, there are considerable limitations to apply it in clinical practice.

Objective: To determine the clinical significance of the serum-free IgE level in patients with adult asthma.

Methods: We measured free IgE levels using our homemade enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by applying a novel IgE TRAP protein (GI innovation, Seoul, Republic of Korea) in sera of adults with asthma (n = 116) compared with healthy controls (n = 32); enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition test was performed to validate its binding specificity. Associations between asthma-related clinical and laboratory parameters were analyzed. The diagnostic value and cutoff point for detecting atopy and type 2 asthma were determined using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

Results: The serum-free IgE levels were significantly higher in adults with asthma than in healthy controls and were significantly associated with atopic status and type 2 asthma (all P < .001). In the receiver operating characteristic analysis, serum-free IgE had a significantly greater area under the curve (AUC) than serum total IgE for assessing asthma, especially type 2 asthma (AUC, 0.810 vs 0.743; P = .006 and AUC, 0.729 vs 0.572; P < .001). The optimal cutoff points for predicting atopy and type 2 asthma were 82.8 and 120.8 ng/mL, respectively.

Conclusion: It is suggested that a higher serum-free IgE level may be a useful biomarker of atopy and type 2 asthma in adults with asthma.