SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States

Michael V Cove¹, Roland Kays^{2

3}, Helen Bontrager¹, Claire Bresnan¹, Monica Lasky³, Taylor Frerichs¹, Renee Klann¹, Thomas E Lee Jr⁴, Seth C Crockett⁴, Anthony P Crupi⁵, Katherine C B Weiss^{6

7}, Helen Rowe⁸, Tiffany Sprague⁸, Jan Schipper⁷, Chelsey Tellez^{6

7}, Christopher A Lepczyk⁹, Jean E Fantle-Lepczyk⁹, Scott LaPoint¹⁰, Jacque Williamson¹¹, M Caitlin Fisher-Reid¹², Sean M King¹², Alexandra J Bebko¹², Petros Chrysafis¹³, Alex J Jensen¹⁴, David S Jachowski¹⁴, Joshua Sands¹⁵, Kelly Anne MacCombie¹⁵, Daniel J Herrera¹⁶, Marius van der Merwe¹⁷, Travis W Knowles¹⁸, Robert V Horan 3rd¹⁹, Michael S Rentz²⁰, LaRoy S E Brandt²¹, Christopher Nagy²², Brandon T Barton²³, Weston C Thompson²³, Sean P Maher²⁴, Andrea K Darracq²⁵, George Hess³, Arielle W Parsons³, Brenna Wells³, Gary W Roemer²⁶, Cristian J Hernandez²⁶, Matthew E Gompper²⁶, Stephen L Webb²⁷, John P Vanek²⁸, Diana J R Lafferty²⁹, Amelia M Bergquist²⁹, Tru Hubbard²⁹, Tavis Forrester³⁰, Darren Clark³⁰, Connor Cincotta³¹, Jorie Favreau³¹, Aaron N Facka³², Michelle Halbur³³, Steven Hammerich³³, Morgan Gray³³, Christine C Rega-Brodsky³⁴, Caleb Durbin³⁴, Elizabeth A Flaherty³⁵, Jarred M Brooke³⁵, Stephanie S Coster³⁶, Richard G Lathrop³⁷, Katarina Russell³⁷, Daniel A Bogan³⁸, Rachel Cliché³⁹, Hila Shamon¹, Melissa T R Hawkins^{40

41}, Sharyn B Marks⁴¹, Robert C Lonsinger⁴², M Teague O'Mara⁴³, Justin A Compton⁴⁴, Melinda Fowler⁴⁴, Erika L Barthelmess⁴⁵, Katherine E Andy⁴⁵, Jerrold L Belant⁴⁶, Dean E Beyer Jr⁴⁷, Todd M Kautz⁴⁶, Daniel G Scognamillo⁴⁸, Christopher M Schalk⁴⁸, Matthew S Leslie⁴⁹, Sophie L Nasrallah⁴⁹, Caroline N Ellison⁵⁰, Chip Ruthven⁵⁰, Sarah Fritts⁵¹, Jaquelyn Tleimat⁵¹, Mandy Gay⁵¹, Christopher A Whittier⁵², Sean A Neiswenter⁵³, Robert Pelletier⁵³, Brett A DeGregorio⁵⁴, Erin K Kuprewicz⁵⁵, Miranda L Davis⁵⁵, Adrienne Dykstra⁵⁶, David S Mason⁵⁶, Carolina Baruzzi⁵⁷, Marcus A Lashley⁵⁶, Derek R Risch⁵⁸, Melissa R Price⁵⁸, Maximilian L Allen^{59

60}, Laura S Whipple⁶⁰, Jinelle H Sperry⁶¹, Robert H Hagen⁶², Alessio Mortelliti⁶³, Bryn E Evans⁶³, Colin E Studds⁶⁴, Alexej P K Sirén⁶⁵, Jillian Kilborn⁶⁶, Chris Sutherland⁶⁵, Paige Warren⁶⁵, Todd Fuller⁶⁵, Nyeema C Harris⁶⁷, Neil H Carter⁶⁸, Edward Trout⁶⁹, Marketa Zimova⁶⁸, Sean T Giery⁷⁰, Fabiola Iannarilli⁷¹, Summer D Higdon⁷², Ronald S Revord⁷², Christopher P Hansen⁷³, Joshua J Millspaugh⁷³, Adam Zorn⁷⁴, John F Benson⁷⁵, Nathaniel H Wehr⁷⁵, Jaylin N Solberg⁷⁶, Brian D Gerber⁷⁷, Jessica C Burr⁷⁷, Jennifer Sevin⁷⁸, Austin M Green⁷⁹, Çağan H Şekercioğlu^{79

80}, Mary Pendergast⁸¹, Kelsey A Barnick⁷⁹, Andrew J Edelman⁸², Joanne R Wasdin⁸², Andrea Romero⁸³, Brian J O'Neill⁸³, Noel Schmitz⁸³, Jesse M Alston⁸⁴, Kellie M Kuhn⁸⁵, Damon B Lesmeister⁸⁶, Mark A Linnell⁸⁶, Cara L Appel⁸⁷, Christopher Rota⁸⁸, Jennifer L Stenglein⁸⁹, Christine Anhalt-Depies⁸⁹, Carrie Nelson⁹⁰, Robert A Long⁹¹, Kodi Jo Jaspers⁹¹, Kathryn R Remine⁹¹, Mark J Jordan⁹², Daniel Davis⁹³, Haydée Hernández-Yáñez¹, Jennifer Y Zhao¹, William J McShea¹

Affiliations

¹ Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA.
² North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27601, USA.
³ Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA.
⁴ Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, 79601, USA.
⁵ Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Douglas, Alaska, 99824, USA.
⁶ Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA.
⁷ Field Conservation Research Department, Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo, 455 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, Arizona, 85008, USA.
⁸ McDowell Sonoran Conservancy, 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100, Scottsdale, Arizona, 85260, USA.
⁹ School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA.
¹⁰ Black Rock Forest, 65 Reservoir Road, Cornwall, New York, 12518, USA.
¹¹ Department of Education & Conservation, Brandywine Zoo-Delaware State Parks, Wilmington, Delaware, 19802, USA.
¹² Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 02325, USA.
¹³ California State University, Fresno, California, 93740, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29631, USA.
¹⁵ Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Key Largo, Florida, 33037, USA.
¹⁶ DC Cat Count at the Humane Rescue Alliance, Washington, D.C., 20011, USA.
¹⁷ Biological Sciences Department, Dixie State University, St. George, Utah, 84770, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, 29502, USA.
¹⁹ Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Brunswick, Georgia, 31520, USA.
²⁰ Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA.
²¹ Cumberland Mountain Research Center, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, 37752, USA.
²² Mianus River Gorge, Bedford, New York, 10506, USA.
²³ Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA.
²⁴ Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897, USA.
²⁵ Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, 42071, USA.
²⁶ Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA.
²⁷ Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma, 73401, USA.
²⁸ Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, 60115, USA.
²⁹ Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, 49855, USA.
³⁰ Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, La Grande, Oregon, 97850, USA.
³¹ Paul Smith's College, Paul Smiths, New York, 12970, USA.
³² Pennsylvania Game Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 17110, USA.
³³ Pepperwood Foundation, 2130 Pepperwood Preserve Rd, Santa Rosa, California, 95404, USA.
³⁴ Biology Department, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway, Pittsburg, Kansas, 66762, USA.
³⁵ Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
³⁶ Biology Department, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Virginia, 23005, USA.
³⁷ Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA.
³⁸ Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Siena College, 515 Loudon Rd, Loudonville, New York, 12211, USA.
³⁹ Silvio O Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge, Brunswick, Vermont, 05905, USA.
⁴⁰ Division of Mammals, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560, USA.
⁴¹ Department of Biology, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, California, 95521, USA.
⁴² Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, 1390 College Avenue, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, USA.
⁴³ Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, 808 N Pine St., Hammond, Louisiana, 70402, USA.
⁴⁴ Biology and Chemistry Department, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, 01109, USA.
⁴⁵ Biology Department and Nature Up North Program, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York, 13617, USA.
⁴⁶ Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.
⁴⁷ Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan, 48909, USA.
⁴⁸ Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture - Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, 75962, USA.
⁴⁹ Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave., Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 19081, USA.
⁵⁰ Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Paducah, Texas, 79248, USA.
⁵¹ Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA.
⁵² Tufts Center for Conservation Medicine, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA.
⁵³ School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, MS4004, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154, USA.
⁵⁴ U.S. Geological Survey Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA.
⁵⁵ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA.
⁵⁶ Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
⁵⁷ School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
⁵⁸ Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA.
⁵⁹ Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA.
⁶⁰ Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, 61801, USA.
⁶¹ Engineer Research and Development Center, 2902 Newmark Dr., Champaign, Illinois, 61826, USA.
⁶² Environmental Studies Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA.
⁶³ Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA.
⁶⁴ Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, 21250, USA.
⁶⁵ Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA.
⁶⁶ New Hampshire Fish & Game Department, Concord, New Hampshire, 03301, USA.
⁶⁷ Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
⁶⁸ School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
⁶⁹ Human-Environment Systems, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA.
⁷⁰ Eberly College of Science, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA.
⁷¹ Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA.
⁷² Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA.
⁷³ Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA.
⁷⁴ Huston-Brumbaugh Nature Center, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, 44601, USA.
⁷⁵ School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA.
⁷⁶ Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA.
⁷⁷ Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA.
⁷⁸ Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, 23173, USA.
⁷⁹ School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
⁸⁰ College of Sciences, Koç University, Rumelifeneri, İstanbul, Sarıyer, Turkey.
⁸¹ Wild Utah Project, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84101, USA.
⁸² Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, 30118, USA.
⁸³ Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, 53190, USA.
⁸⁴ Program in Ecology, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA.
⁸⁵ Deparment of Biology, US Air Force Academy, USAFA, Colorado, 80840, USA.
⁸⁶ USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, 97204, USA.
⁸⁷ Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.
⁸⁸ Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA.
⁸⁹ Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, 53707, USA.
⁹⁰ U.S. Forest Service, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Great Divide Ranger District, Glidden, Wisconsin, 54527, USA.
⁹¹ Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, Washington, 98103, USA.
⁹² Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, 98122, USA.
⁹³ Office of the Chief Information Officer, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20024, USA.

PMID: 33793977
DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3353

SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States

Michael V Cove et al. Ecology. 2021 Jun.

. 2021 Jun;102(6):e03353.

doi: 10.1002/ecy.3353.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, 22630, USA.
² North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27601, USA.
³ Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27607, USA.
⁴ Department of Biology, Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, 79601, USA.
⁵ Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Wildlife Conservation, Douglas, Alaska, 99824, USA.
⁶ Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, 85281, USA.
⁷ Field Conservation Research Department, Arizona Center for Nature Conservation/Phoenix Zoo, 455 N Galvin Pkwy, Phoenix, Arizona, 85008, USA.
⁸ McDowell Sonoran Conservancy, 7729 East Greenway Road, Suite 100, Scottsdale, Arizona, 85260, USA.
⁹ School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA.
¹⁰ Black Rock Forest, 65 Reservoir Road, Cornwall, New York, 12518, USA.
¹¹ Department of Education & Conservation, Brandywine Zoo-Delaware State Parks, Wilmington, Delaware, 19802, USA.
¹² Department of Biological Sciences, Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts, 02325, USA.
¹³ California State University, Fresno, California, 93740, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29631, USA.
¹⁵ Crocodile Lake National Wildlife Refuge, Key Largo, Florida, 33037, USA.
¹⁶ DC Cat Count at the Humane Rescue Alliance, Washington, D.C., 20011, USA.
¹⁷ Biological Sciences Department, Dixie State University, St. George, Utah, 84770, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, South Carolina, 29502, USA.
¹⁹ Georgia Department of Natural Resources, Wildlife Resources Division, Brunswick, Georgia, 31520, USA.
²⁰ Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011, USA.
²¹ Cumberland Mountain Research Center, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, Tennessee, 37752, USA.
²² Mianus River Gorge, Bedford, New York, 10506, USA.
²³ Department of Biological Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, 39762, USA.
²⁴ Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, Missouri, 65897, USA.
²⁵ Department of Biology, Murray State University, Murray, Kentucky, 42071, USA.
²⁶ Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Ecology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, 88003, USA.
²⁷ Noble Research Institute, LLC, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, Oklahoma, 73401, USA.
²⁸ Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, 60115, USA.
²⁹ Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Science Lab, Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University, Marqeutte, Michigan, 49855, USA.
³⁰ Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, La Grande, Oregon, 97850, USA.
³¹ Paul Smith's College, Paul Smiths, New York, 12970, USA.
³² Pennsylvania Game Commission, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, 17110, USA.
³³ Pepperwood Foundation, 2130 Pepperwood Preserve Rd, Santa Rosa, California, 95404, USA.
³⁴ Biology Department, Pittsburg State University, 1701 S Broadway, Pittsburg, Kansas, 66762, USA.
³⁵ Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
³⁶ Biology Department, Randolph-Macon College, Ashland, Virginia, 23005, USA.
³⁷ Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA.
³⁸ Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Siena College, 515 Loudon Rd, Loudonville, New York, 12211, USA.
³⁹ Silvio O Conte National Fish and Wildlife Refuge, Brunswick, Vermont, 05905, USA.
⁴⁰ Division of Mammals, Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20560, USA.
⁴¹ Department of Biology, Humboldt State University, 1 Harpst St, Arcata, California, 95521, USA.
⁴² Department of Natural Resource Management, South Dakota State University, 1390 College Avenue, Brookings, South Dakota, 57007, USA.
⁴³ Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, 808 N Pine St., Hammond, Louisiana, 70402, USA.
⁴⁴ Biology and Chemistry Department, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, 01109, USA.
⁴⁵ Biology Department and Nature Up North Program, St. Lawrence University, Canton, New York, 13617, USA.
⁴⁶ Global Wildlife Conservation Center, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, 13210, USA.
⁴⁷ Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, Lansing, Michigan, 48909, USA.
⁴⁸ Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture - Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, Texas, 75962, USA.
⁴⁹ Biology Department, Swarthmore College, 500 College Ave., Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, 19081, USA.
⁵⁰ Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Paducah, Texas, 79248, USA.
⁵¹ Department of Biology, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, 78666, USA.
⁵² Tufts Center for Conservation Medicine, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, 01536, USA.
⁵³ School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 Maryland Parkway, MS4004, Las Vegas, Nevada, 89154, USA.
⁵⁴ U.S. Geological Survey Fish and Wildlife Cooperative Research Unit, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701, USA.
⁵⁵ Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA.
⁵⁶ Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
⁵⁷ School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, USA.
⁵⁸ Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, USA.
⁵⁹ Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak Street, Champaign, Illinois, 61820, USA.
⁶⁰ Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana Illinois, 1102 S Goodwin Ave, 61801, USA.
⁶¹ Engineer Research and Development Center, 2902 Newmark Dr., Champaign, Illinois, 61826, USA.
⁶² Environmental Studies Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA.
⁶³ Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology, University of Maine, 5755 Nutting Hall, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA.
⁶⁴ Department of Geography and Environmental Systems, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland, 21250, USA.
⁶⁵ Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, 01003, USA.
⁶⁶ New Hampshire Fish & Game Department, Concord, New Hampshire, 03301, USA.
⁶⁷ Applied Wildlife Ecology Lab, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
⁶⁸ School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA.
⁶⁹ Human-Environment Systems, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, 83725, USA.
⁷⁰ Eberly College of Science, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA.
⁷¹ Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55108, USA.
⁷² Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, 302 Anheuser-Busch Natural Resources Building, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, USA.
⁷³ Wildlife Biology Program, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, 59812, USA.
⁷⁴ Huston-Brumbaugh Nature Center, University of Mount Union, Alliance, Ohio, 44601, USA.
⁷⁵ School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583, USA.
⁷⁶ Department of Biology, University of North Dakota, 10 Cornell Street, Stop 9019, Grand Forks, North Dakota, 58202, USA.
⁷⁷ Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, 02881, USA.
⁷⁸ Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia, 23173, USA.
⁷⁹ School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
⁸⁰ College of Sciences, Koç University, Rumelifeneri, İstanbul, Sarıyer, Turkey.
⁸¹ Wild Utah Project, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84101, USA.
⁸² Department of Biology, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, Georgia, 30118, USA.
⁸³ Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Geography, Geology, and Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, 53190, USA.
⁸⁴ Program in Ecology, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, 82071, USA.
⁸⁵ Deparment of Biology, US Air Force Academy, USAFA, Colorado, 80840, USA.
⁸⁶ USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, Oregon, 97204, USA.
⁸⁷ Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331, USA.
⁸⁸ Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506, USA.
⁸⁹ Office of Applied Science, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Madison, Wisconsin, 53707, USA.
⁹⁰ U.S. Forest Service, Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest, Great Divide Ranger District, Glidden, Wisconsin, 54527, USA.
⁹¹ Woodland Park Zoo, Seattle, Washington, 98103, USA.
⁹² Department of Biology, Seattle University, Seattle, Washington, 98122, USA.
⁹³ Office of the Chief Information Officer, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20024, USA.

PMID: 33793977
DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3353

Abstract

With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14-week period (17 August-24 November of 2019). We sampled wildlife at 1,509 camera trap sites from 110 camera trap arrays covering 12 different ecoregions across four development zones. This effort resulted in 166,036 unique detections of 83 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. All images were processed through the Smithsonian's eMammal camera trap data repository and included an expert review phase to ensure taxonomic accuracy of data, resulting in each picture being reviewed at least twice. The results represent a timely and standardized camera trap survey of the United States. All of the 2019 survey data are made available herein. We are currently repeating surveys in fall 2020, opening up the opportunity to other institutions and cooperators to expand coverage of all the urban-wild gradients and ecophysiographic regions of the country. Future data will be available as the database is updated at eMammal.si.edu/snapshot-usa, as will future data paper submissions. These data will be useful for local and macroecological research including the examination of community assembly, effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape variables, effects of fragmentation and extinction debt dynamics, as well as species-specific population dynamics and conservation action plans. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication.

Keywords: Cetartiodactyla; Cingulata; Didelphimorphia; Lagomorpha; Rodentia; biodiversity; biogeography; camera traps; carnivora; mammals; occupancy modeling; species distribution modeling.

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SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States

Affiliations

SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding

LinkOut - more resources

Other Literature Sources