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Review
. 2021 Sep;9(5):1298-1305.
doi: 10.1111/andr.13011. Epub 2021 May 4.

Ultrasound evaluation of patients with male accessory gland inflammation: a pictorial review

Sandro La Vignera  1 , Andrea Crafa  1 , Rosita A Condorelli  1 , Federica Barbagallo  1 , Laura M Mongioì  1 , Rossella Cannarella  1 , Michele Compagnone  1 , Antonio Aversa  2 , Aldo E Calogero  1
Affiliations
Review

Ultrasound evaluation of patients with male accessory gland inflammation: a pictorial review

Sandro La Vignera et al. Andrology. 2021 Sep.

Abstract

Male accessory gland infection/inflammation (MAGI) is a major cause of male infertility. The importance of ultrasound evaluation in these patients is highly controversial, although evidence of its relevance has increased in recent years. Ultrasound criteria are an important element for confirming the clinical diagnosis. Furthermore, they help to localize the anatomical site or sites of the inflammatory process and in assessing its extension which, in turn, have different consequences on the seminological and symptomatic aspects. This article summarizes the clinical interpretations related to ultrasound aspects in patients with MAGI and the possible effects on the seminological, microbiological, endocrinologic, urological, sexological, and internist aspects.

Keywords: integrated Stamey test; male accessory gland infections; prostate and vesicular ultrasound; scrotal ultrasound.

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Conflict of interest statement

All authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Areas of acinar ectasia within the prostate parenchyma
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Sketch of the areas of acinar ectasia within the prostate parenchyma
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Ultrasound imaging of prostate in patients with persistent bacteriospermia
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Diagnostic algorithm for patients with and without leukocytospermia
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Dilated seminal vesicle compared with a seminal vesicle with reduced thickness
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
MAGI Diagnostic Criteria: Ultrasound Panel
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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