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. 2020 Dec 22:37:368.
doi: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.368.20981. eCollection 2020.

Identifying and quantifying the factors associated with cholera-related death during the 2018 outbreak in Nigeria

Kelly Osezele Elimian  1   2 , Anwar Musah  3 , Chinwe Lucia Ochu  1 , Somtochukwu Stella Onwah  2 , Oyeronke Oyebanji  1 , Sebastian Yennan  1 , Ibrahima Soce Fall  4 , Michel Yao  4 , Martin Chukwuji  5 , Eme Ekeng  1 , Patrick Abok  4 , Linda Haj Omar  4 , Thieno Balde  4 , Adamu Kankia  4 , Nanpring Williams  1 , Kitgakka Mutbam  5 , Naidoo Dhamari  5 , Ifeanyi Okudo  4 , Wondimagegnehu Alemu  5 , Clement Peter  5 , Chikwe Ihekweazu  1
Affiliations

Identifying and quantifying the factors associated with cholera-related death during the 2018 outbreak in Nigeria

Kelly Osezele Elimian et al. Pan Afr Med J. .

Abstract

Introduction: cholera outbreaks in Nigeria are often associated with high case fatality rates; however, there is a dearth of evidence on context-specific factors associated with the trend. This study therefore aimed to identify and quantify the factors associated with cholera-related deaths in Nigeria.

Methods: using a cross-sectional design, we analysed surveillance data from all the States that reported cholera cases during the 2018 outbreak, and defined cholera-related death as death of an individual classified as having cholera according to the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control case definition. Factors associated with cholera-related death were assessed using multivariable logistic regression and findings presented as adjusted odds ratios (ORs) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CIs).

Results: between January 1 and November 19, 2018, 41,394 cholera cases were reported across 20 States, including 815 cholera-related deaths. In the adjusted multivariable model, older age, male gender, living in peri-urban areas or in flooded states, infection during the rainy season, and delay in seeking health care by >2 days were positively associated with cholera-related death; whereas living in urban areas, hospitalisation in the course of illness, and presentation to a secondary hospital were negatively associated with cholera-related death.

Conclusion: cholera-related deaths during the 2018 outbreak in Nigeria appeared to be driven by multiple factors, which further reemphasises the importance of adopting a multisectoral approach to the design and implementation of context-specific interventions in Nigeria.

Keywords: Factors; Nigeria; case fatality rate; cholera; death; multi-sectoral; outbreak.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
spatial distribution of case fatality rates in the 2018 cholera outbreak in Nigeria
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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